PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
The RNA that carries the info for protein synthesis
What is mRNA
A tightly bound network of proteins & chromatin
What is nuclear DNA
Process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
What is mitosis
The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)
What is meiosis
Which cell division process resembles mitosis most
Meiosis II (Mitosis on haploid cells)
The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is determined by the sequence in ________
What is DNA
One of 2 identical copies of replicated chromosome joined by a centromere
What is a chromatid
The name of cells with homologous pairs (or 2 set of chromsms); a cell with half the number of chromosomes (see text p 240)
What are diploid cell (2n); what are haploid cells (n)
The time b/w cell divisions where cells grow & chromosomes replicate.
What is interphase
In meiosis, 3 cells each have a diploid of 32. How many cells result?
What is 12 cells
A DNA sequence has 120 nucleotide bases. How many amino acids would result.
What is 40 amino acids
RNA forms only a single strand and not a double helix like DNA.
What is true
Interphase is
The time between cell division where cells grow & chromosomes replicate
The name of cells containing one set of chromosomes in a human
What is a gamete
In meiosis, there are 3 cells that each have a diploid number of 32. How many total chromosomes are in each cell.
What is 16 chromosomes (see text p 244)
The process of making a strand of RNA from DNA
What is transcription (see text p. 223)
Process of duplicating DNA in prep for cell division
What is DNA replication
What is cytokinesis
The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes.
What is Crossing over (see text p 242)
A haploid cell w/duplicated chromosomes turns into 2 diploid cells w/no duplicated chromosomes. This cell division happens in which type of cell division
Meiosis II
The process of using RNA to make proteins
What is translation
Nucleotides coupled together as DNA is replicated from 1 to 2 identical strands.
What is Adenine/Thymine; Cytosine/Guanine
The combination of interphase and mitosis
What is The Cell Cycle
The phase where homologous diploid chromosomes line up side by side
What is prophase (see text p 242 Infographic)
Mitosis takes 1 diploid cell and makes an exact duplicate result'g in 2 identical diploid cells; While Meiosis takes a single diploid and produces 4 haploid cells that are different from its original
What is the difference b/w mitosis and meiosis
3-base nucleotides in a row; 3-base sequence nucleotide that codes for amino acid; A BIG 3-base sequence molecule
What is DNA triplet, mRNA codon, tRNA anticodon
Helicase enzyme breaks what type of bond b/w the bases splitting a DNA strand in prep for replication
What is hydrogen bonds
G1 (1st Gap) cell grows/makes proteins; S = synthesis when cell duplicates its DNA; G2 cell organelles duplicated to begin Mitosis
What is the phases of interphase
The phase where microtubules attach to the centromere and pull the homologous pairs apart
What is Metaphase (see text p 243)
A useless small cell that can not be fertilized
What is a polar body
A-U-G-U-G-C-C-G-A-U-A-A = mRNA
T -A-C-A-C-G-G-C-T- A-T-T = tRNA
What is the anti-codon of a mRNA strand
Enzyme that allows the phosphate of 1 base to come close to the sugar of another base to bond.
What is DNA polymerase
Mitosis stages
What is Pro, meta, ana, telophase and cytokinesis
The phase where sister chromatids stay linked but are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
What is anaphase (see text p 243)
The diploid cells that result in the fertilization of male and female gametes
What is a zygote
What are the amino acids from the mRNA strand in Protein synthesis
A-U-G-U-G-C-C-G-A-U-A-A = mRNA
Methionene, Cystein, Arginine, Stop
This performs the same tasks in RNA as Thymine serves in DNA.
What is Uracil
Describe 3 characteristics of cells that go through mitosis
Somatic cells, diploid, identical to parent cells
The phase where an equatorial membrane develops and forms 2 cells (sister chromatids are still intact)
What is telophase & cytokinesis
The genotypes & phenotypes of a cross between 2 heterozygous blue giraffes. Green is recessive.
Genotypes: 1 BB, 2Bb, 1bb
Phenotypes: 3 blue giraffes, 1 green giraffe