Nucleic Acids
The monomers of nucleic acids are called this
Nucleotides
The genetic code is contained in this part of the DNA molecule.
The sequence of nitrogenous bases
In prokaryotes, the chromosome is shaped like this and is made of this material.
Circular loop, “naked” (just) DNA
Members of this entire kingdom have prokaryotic cells.
Bacteria
A DNA nucleotide consists of these 3 groups while an RNA nucleotide consists of these three groups
phosphate group, nitrogenous base, deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar)
phosphate group, nitrogenous base, ribose (5-carbon sugar)
The fact that A bonds exclusively with T and G with C is referred to as this, and explains this scientist’s findings.
Base pairing, Erwin Chargaff
Eukaryotic chromosomes contain about this much more DNA than prokaryotic chromosomes and are found inside this cellular structure.
1000 times, the nucleus
The two most obvious differences between Ps and Es is that Ps lack these structures.
Nuclei and organelles
This molecule, associated with cellular energy, is also considered a nucleic acid because its structure resembles this.
ATP, an RNA nucleotide
The sides of the DNA double helix are composed of these groups held together by this type of bond, while the rungs of the DNA double helix are composed of these, held together by this type of bond.
Sides = sugars and phosphate groups, held together by strong, covalent bonds
Rungs = nitrogenous bases held together by weak, hydrogen bonds
DNA wound this many times around a cluster of histone proteins is called this.
Twice, nucleosome
Members of these four kingdoms have eukaryotic cells.
plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Three differences between DNA and RNA are these.
DNA double-stranded, RNA single-stranded
DNA sugar = deoxyribose, RNA sugar =ribose
DNA bases = A, T, G, C RNA bases = A, U, G, C
In the DNA double helix, the two strands of DNA are this to each other and are built in this fashion, in which the sugars on each strand face in the opposite direction.
Complementary, antiparallel
In eukaryotes, the chromosomes are shaped like this, are made of these TWO things, and the material is called this.
Linear, DNA & histone proteins = chromatin
Ps general size range is this while Es general size range is this
P = 1-10 𝛍m E = 50-500 𝛍m
The nitrogenous base adenine will only connect with this base for this reason while the nitrogenous base guanine will only connect with this base for this reason
A with T (2 hydrogen bonding sites)
G with C (3 hydrogen bonding sites)
In the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, these people were tinkering with models, this person was taking x-ray crystallography images of DNA, and this guy was analyzing the amounts of nitrogenous bases in samples of DNA.
Watson & Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Chargaff
The FOUR levels of packing in a eukaryotic chromosome are these and allow the chromosome to do this.
Double helix, nucleosomes, coiling, supercoiling, and allows the chromosome to fit a lot of DNA in a small space.
The one structure Ps do have in their cytoplasm is this, for this reason.
Ribosomes, to build proteins