Parts of DNA
DNA replication
DNA --> Protein
Grab Bag
100
What are the four bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
100
What is a double helix?
Two strands that are connected to each other and wound in a spiral shape.
100
Where are proteins made in cells?
Ribosomes!
100
Where is DNA found in your body?
Inside the nucleus of every cell.
200
What are the three types of molecules that make up DNA?
Sugar, Phosphate and Base
200
When does new DNA need to be made?
1. To make sperm and egg cells.
2. To replace dead cells.
3. To make new cells when growing.
200
How does the DNA code get to the ribosome?
It is copied onto mRNA, which can leave the nucleus and go to the ribosome.
200
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA is single-stranded, DNA is double-stranded.
RNA uses uracil. DNA uses thymine.
RNA has the sugar ribose. DNA has the sugar deoxyribose.
RNA can leave the nucleus. DNA stays in the nucleus.
300
Draw a nucleotide.
Include a sugar, phosphate and base.
300
What is the first step in DNA replication?
The DNA unwinds (or unzips).
300
What are proteins made of?
Amino Acids
300
What is a mutation?
A random change in DNA.
400
What does this chart tell us?
There are the same amounts of Adenine and Thymine in all organisms' DNA. There are the same amounts of Cytosine and Guanine in all organisms' DNA.
400
What does it mean for DNA replication to be semi-conservative?
When DNA is copied, half of each DNA strand is "conserved" from the old DNA and the other half is DNA that was just created.
400
What brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
400
What are the bonds between the bases called?
Hydrogen bonds.
500
What does it mean for DNA to be universal?
The DNA is the same structure in all organisms. It can be taken out of one organism, put into another organism and it will still work.
500
How does the structure of DNA help it to replicate?
1. The base pairing structure allows it to make copies of itself because you can create a new strand of DNA with just one side of a DNA molecule. The structure can separate right down the middle and create a new half.
500
Name two types of proteins and an example of each.
Antibody-- antibody for flu
Enzyme-- lactase (breaks down lactose)
Structural enzymes-- keratin (in your nails, hair, skin)
Also, motor, transport and messenger proteins...
500
Do mutations always lead to changes in proteins? How do you know?
NO! We know because more than one codon codes for each amino acid. So it is possible for a base to change without the corresponding amino acid changing.