DNA: Regulation and Mutations

Mutations

100

This type of mutation is the result of a missing base in a DNA sequence

What is a deletion?

200

This type of mutation is the result of an extra base added to a DNA sequence

What is an insertion?

300

This type of mutation happens when an incorrect base is place in a DNA sequence

What is a substitution?

400

Frameshift mutations are the most damaging because of this

What is missence? (The codons generate different amino acids, leading to a different polypeptide sequence.)

500

Many mutations are this, because a synonymous codon is generated

What is silent?

Gene Regulation

100

This molecule is a "builder," because it helps create messenger RNA (mRNA)

What is RNA polymerase?

200

This is where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription

What is the promoter?

300

Repressors bind here to block transcription

What is an operator?

400

This can free the lac operon repressor, allowing for transcription

What is lactose?

500

Operons are most common in this type of cell

What is a prokaryote?

DNA

100

This is what DNA stands for

What is deoxyribonucleic acid

200

These are the three parts of a nucleotide

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

300

These rules specify A goes with T and C goes with G

What are Chargaff's rules?