Video 1
How many chromosomes does a human have?
46
What is the function of helicase?
unzips DNA so it can go through transcription
What molecule is used to express a gene from DNA into a protein?
What is the function of RNA polymerase and where does it attach?
It separates the strands of DNA to create the sequence that will become RNA, It only codes complimentary information to one side. it attaches to the promoter
Define a gene
a code for a specific protein
How many base pairs make up the human genome?
6 billion
Why is DNA considered a polymer?
it is composed of several nucleic acids
What sugar makes up the RNA backbone?
Ribose
What direction does RNA code in
5' to 3'
What is the A site, P site, and E site?
A site: where the appropriate tRNA initially binds to the codon (a tRNA with one amino acid)
P site: Where the polypeptide chain is
E site: The tRNA that was initially in the P site and is now exiting the ribosome
Spelling matters!
deoxyribonucleic acid
4 Nitrogenous bases are
Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine
What is RNA's function
DNA can't leave the nucleus, so RNA is the messenger that carries the information into the cytoplasm
Where does transcription occur in prokaryotic cells vs in eukaryotic cells?
in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells, in the in the nucleus in eukaryotes
Define central dogma
The process of turning a gene (DNA) into proteins
How is DNA replicated?
The strands are separated to construct one half of the ladder.. transcription and translation
What kind of sugar is the DNA backbone made out of?
Deoxyribose and phosphate
What is transcription? What is significant about the base pairs in the mRNA in this process?
The process of going from DNA to mRNA,.
mRNA doesn't have thymine, it has uracil
What is added to mRNA in eukaryotic cells? What happens once mRNA is made?
Modified guanine to 5' end and poly-a tail to 3' end
it leaves the nucleus, into the cytoplasm where it can be translated by ribosomes
How many different combinations of codons are there? How many amino acids are there?
64 codons, 21 amino acids
construct the other half...
1. TAATGGCAAAGC not to mRNA
2. TACGGCCATTAG to mRNA
1. ATTACCGTTTCG
2. AUGCCGGUAAUC
Where on DNA is information stored?
on the base pairs
Explain the importance of tRNA
tRNA has anti-codons that attach to the codons on the mRNA. This constructs amino acids that will eventually construct a protein
What is the difference between coding strand and template strand?
Template strand is what RNA interacts with but the coding strand is what DNA codes for.
What is translation? Explain the process
mRNA goes into the cytoplasm where the ribosome travels along the strand from the 5' end to the 3' end. The ribosome reads the codon, the tRNA's anti-codons bind with the codons on the mRNA, an amino acid is formed and a peptide bond forms to form a polypeptide chain and the ribosome shifts to the right