What is DNA
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix
What is helicase used for?
Unwinds the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases
What did Fredrick Griffith do in his experiment?
He inserted bacteria R cell and a heat-killed bacteria s cell.
What happens after the RNA primer is added?
DNA polymerase adds complementary bases to DNA template from the 5' to 3' direction
What is the sequence of subunits in the DNA"backbone"
phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-
What are single stranded binding proteins used for?
Stabilize single-strands so they don't go back together
Is DNA conservative, semi-conservative, or dispersive
DNA is semi-conservative
What is the leading strand
Strand that is replicated continuously and only requires 1 primer
What are the components in a nucleotide?
1. Base (Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) )
2. phosphate group
3. deoxyribose sugar
What does DNA polymerase III do?
Adds complementary bases to DNA template strand
What is Transformation?
The change in genotype and phenotype due to the intake and use of something external by a cell.
What is the lagging strand
Not continuous strand that needs multiple primers because it is going in the opposite direction of replication.
How many hydrogen bonds are between each base
A-T = 2 hydrogen bonds
C-G = 3 hydrogen bonds
What is DNA ligase used for?
Joins Okazaki Fragments
What was the transforming factor in Avery Macleod and McCarty's experiment
DNA
What are Okazaki fragments ?
Short sequences of DNA nucleotides which are synthesized discontinuously
Where are bases attached to the sugar
Bases are attached to the 1' carbon of the sugar.
What does DNA polymerase I do?
Removes RNA primers and add DNA nucleotides instead
What did Fredrick Griffith conclude from his experiment?
Heat killed smooth cells can transform rough cell into infectious bacteria
DNA polymerase I first removes the RNA primer and adds DNA nucleotides instead. Then DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments.