DNA Structure
The shape of DNA is called?
Double Helix
Define Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism/ what the genes look like
Why do we say DNA has a sugar phosphate back bone
The sides of the "ladder" are made up of alternating sugars and phosphates structural support to DNA
Where is prokaryotic DNA located
Free floating in the cytoplasm
Describe step 1 of DNA replication
DNA unwinds
2
Define Phenotype
The observable characteristics of an organism based on the genotype and the environment/ the "physical" traits of an organism
In which direction does DNA polymerase read each DNA strand
3' to 5' direction
What does the enzyme Helicase do in DNA replication
Breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases/ unzips the DNA
Describe step 2 of DNA replication
The molecule of DNA unzips or breaks apart into 2 separate strands
What type of bonds connect nitrogenous bases in DNA
Hydrogen
Define Complementary
Matching / Relating
( In DNA Adenine is the complementary base to Thymine)
Where is DNA located in a Eukaryotic cell
Nucleus
What is the complementary base pairing of:
ATAGCA
TATCGT
Describe step 3 of DNA replication
The two separate strands are each used as a template and complementary bases are added to each
The strands of DNA are considered __________ which means they run in opposite directions of each other
Antiparallel
Define Semi-Conservative
To save half/ one strand of DNA is from the original parent while one is from the new daughter strand
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
What is the complementary base pairing of
AGCGATA
TCGCTAT
Describe step 4 of DNA replication
The two identical molecules of DNA rewind
Name the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide
Nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate
Define Mutation
A genetic change/ an alteration of the genetic code (DNA)
Name the four nitrogenous bases, state their full names
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Name one of the 3 scientist responsible in discovering the structure of DNA, (you only need to give the last name)
Franklin
Watson
Crick
Describe what DNA polymerase's job is in DNA replication
To add in complementary bases to each strand