Enzymes
What is the name of the enzyme that unwinds the DNA Strands?
Helicase
What would happen if endonuclease didn't do its' job correctly?
Mutations
What is the “Y-shaped” structure formed when DNA is opened for copying?
The replication fork
The strand that is made in fragments is the __________ strand.
Lagging strand
Which enzyme synthesizes nucelotide primers?
DNA polyermase
Is there an error if A-G and C-T, if so state correct it
A-T and C-G
Why are hydrogen bonds broken in the start of replication?
They are broken so the strands can separate (break bonds of nucleotides)
Why is DNA semi-conservative
One strand is used as a template for the DNA polyermase
Which enzyme seals nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone?
DNA ligase
If helicase doesn’t unwind the DNA, what will happen?
The replication fork will never open, so replication cannot start.
What does the replication fork expose so new DNA can be built? (the name of the strand)
The template strands
DNA replication is described as __________ because each new molecule contains one old strand.
Semi-conservative
What enzyme unwinds the DNA before helicase?
Topoisomerase
If ligase doesn’t seal the Okazaki fragments, what will happen?
The lagging strand will have gaps and won’t form a complete, continuous DNA strand.
The strand that is made continuously is called the __________ strand.
Leading strand
What direction does DNA polymerase build DNA in?
5' → 3' direction
What enzyme prevents strands from winding back together
SSBP - single stranded binding proteins
If primase doesn’t lay down RNA primers, what will happen?
DNA polymerase won’t be able to start building new DNA.
Why is the lagging strand made in short fragments at the replication fork?
Because DNA polymerase can only build in the 5'→3' direction, so it must work in pieces (Okazaki fragments)
The short fragments created on the lagging strand are called __________.
Okazaki fragments