Vocabulary
What is the enzyme that unzips the DNA double helix?
Helicase
Which enzyme separates DNA into two strands by breaking hydrogen bonds?
Helicase
What is the first step of DNA replication?
the DNA helix unwinds and separates
What holds the two DNA strands together?
Hydrogen bonds between base pairs
Which enzyme checks and fixes mistakes during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What do we call the building blocks that make up DNA strands?
Nucleotides
Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand?
DNA ligase
What type of replication produces two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand?
Semi-conservative replication
In what direction does DNA polymerase build new DNA?
5'→3' direction
What is any change in the DNA sequence called?
A mutation
What is the enzyme that adds new nucleotides during replication?
DNA polymerase
Which enzyme keeps single DNA strands apart so they don’t reattach during replication?
Single-strand binding proteins
Which strand is synthesized continuously in the 5'→3' direction?
The leading strand
What shape is the DNA molecule described as?
A double helix
What type of mutation occurs when one base is swapped for another?
A substitution mutation
What do we call the point on DNA where the two strands separate and replication begins?
The replication fork
Which enzyme removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides?
DNA polymerase I
What do we call the short DNA pieces formed on the lagging strand?
Okazaki fragments
Which strand runs in the 5'→3' direction away from the replication fork?
The lagging strand
What is it called when DNA polymerase corrects a mismatched base?
Proofreading
What is the short segment of RNA that starts DNA synthesis on each strand?
RNA primer
Which enzyme adds short RNA primers to begin replication?
Primase
What is the region where DNA replication begins on a chromosome?
The origin of replication
What is the point where the DNA double helix is actively unwinding?
The replication fork
What type of mutation results when a nucleotide is added or removed, shifting the reading frame?
A frameshift mutation