DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
Why does DNA need to replicate?
Based on the paring rules, which bases pair together?
A = T
G = C
True/False - DNA is replicated in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
True
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose
Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping/unwinding the DNA molecule for replication to being?
DNA Helicase
What is the difference between pyrimidines and purines?
Pyrimidines - single-ringed structure
Purines - double-ringed structure
The rails/sides of a DNA molecule are made up of what two alternating components?
Phosphate and 5-carbon sugar
Where is DNA found within a cell?
Nucleus
True/False - RNA is a double stranded structure.
False - Single stranded structure
What is the role of DNA polymerase?
Referred to as the "builder". Adds on complementary bases when building the new strand, based on the old/parent strands.
A and G are considered (double / single) ringed structures.
T and C are considered (double / single) ringed structures.
A and G - purines
T and C - pyrimidines
Nitrogen bases (A, G, C, and T)
What four bases make up DNA?
Adedine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine (A, G, C, and T)
What four bases are found in RNA?
Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, and Cytosine (A, G, U, and C)
There are two main strands that are created during DNA replication. What are they? Why are they different?
Leading strand - built continuously in a 5' to 3' direction
Lagging strand - built non-continuously in a 5' to 3' direction
Nitrogen bases are held together by what types of bonds?
Hydrogen
What phase, within the cell cycle, is DNA replicated?
Interphase
Which two scientists discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Within the Central Dogma, RNA is used to make what in our bodies?
Proteins
What is the role of DNA ligase? Which strand, primarily, needs this enzyme to be created?
Referred to as the "gluer". Attaches Okazaki fragments that form on the lagging strand.
What are the three components that make up a nucleotide?
Phosphate, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogen base
Why is DNA replication referred to as "semi-conservative"?
New DNA molecule is composed of an old/parent strand and a new strand.