DNA Discovery
These two scientists won the Nobel Prize for their "borrowed" work on DNA structure.
Watson and Crick
What type of sugar does DNA have?
Deoxyribose
Why does DNA need to replicate?
To pass complete sets of DNA to the daughter cell.
What base does RNA have that DNA does not?
Uracil (U)
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
This physician extracted a substance from the pus of his patients, he runs tests on the substance.
Friedrich Meischer
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
During replication, which enzyme unzips the DNA?
Helicase
What are the three types of RNA? Include their name and abbreviation.
Ribosomal- rRNA
Transfer- tRNA
What is the final product of translation?
Protein strand
English chemist creates the famous "image 51" by shooting x rays through DNA crystals.
Rosalind Franklin
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
What is the enzyme responsible for building the complementary strand?
DNA polymerase
What type of sugar does RNA contain?
Ribose
How is the genetic code read in the ribosome during protein synthesis?
3 letters at a time, called a codon
When was the structure of DNA discovered?
1953
These two things alternate to make up the backbone of DNA and RNA
Phosphate and Sugar
Why are single stranded binding proteins placed on the DNA strands during replication?
To avoid tangling/recoiling of the DNA
What does tRNA have to ensure it gets the correct amino acid?
Anti-codon
What is the final produce of transcription?
Copied mRNA strand
This scientist identified the structure of individual DNA bases
Phoebus Levene
Nitrogenous bases can be classified into two groups- based on shape/number of rings.
Purines and Pyrimidines
List the steps of DNA replication- include the enzymes at play
DNA uncoils, helicase unzips, primase places primers, DNA polymerase builds the complementary strand, ligase glues the okazaki fragments, the two DNA strands will recoil, each having one half from the original
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. Create a venn diagram. (2 things in each column for credit)
DNA: double stranded, in nucleus, deoxyribose, thymine
RNA: single stranded, freely moves in cell, ribose, uracil
Both: made of nucleotides, has A,G,C , sugar/phosphate backbone
What are the steps in protein synthesis, starting with DNA to protein.
DNA is copies by mRNA, then taken to the ribosome, ribosome reads the code 3 letters at a time, tRNA brings coded amino acids to the ribosome, they attach with peptide bonds, then when STOP is signaled the strand is done.