DNA Structure
What is the monomer of DNA?
Nucleotide
Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?
1/2 from the original strand, 1/2 from the new strand
What are the two processes that happen during protein synthesis
transcription & translation
What organelle does transcription it take place in?
What organelle does translation take place in?
nucleus
ribosomes (can be found in the cytoplasm or on the Rough ER)
The "glue" enzyme that seals the gaps between the Okazaki fragments
ligase
DN is how many polynucleotide strands?
What is 2
Why must DNA be able to replicate itself?
to make new cells
How many Start codond and stop codons are there?
1 (AUG) and 3
What is the site on the ribosome called where the codon is actually read and the new amino acid brought?
A site
The enzyme that replaces the RNA primer with DNA nucleotides
DNA polymerase I
What 3 things make up a nucleotide?
Sugar, phophate, nitrogen base
When enzymes replicate DNA, they move in what direction along the parent strand?
When new DNA is made , it is made in what direction?
3' -> 5'
5' -> 3"
What is the only enzyme that helps during transcription?
RNA Polymerase
-it pairs nucleotides to the DNA instructions to build the mRNA strand
What is the Central Dogma?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Transcription Translation
The enzyme that builds the new complimentary daughter strands of DNA
DNA polymerase III
Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA: Deoxyribose, double helix, thymine
RNA: Ribose, single strand, uracil
What are the base-pairing rules for DNA?
AND how many hydrogen bonds are between each of them?
A-T : 2 hydrogen bonds
C-G : 3 hydrogen bonds
What are the 2 things on a tRNA molecule?
Anticodon and amino acid (binding site)
In RNA splicing, there are introns and exons.
Which ones get to leave the nucleus and express genes?
Exons!
Exons Exit and Express genes
The enzyme that starts the new daughter nucleotide chain by putting down several RNA nucleotides
RNA (DNA) primer
When a phosphate group begins a polynucleotide chain, we call that end
What is 5"
One strand of DNA reads as follows:
5' TTAGCGAAGGGACT 3'
What is the corresponding DNA strand?
3' AATCGCTTCCCTGA 5'
Transcribe and Translate the following DNA strand:
TACCCCAATACT
DNA: TACCCCAATACT
RNA: AUGGGGUUAUGA
A.A.: met-gly-leu-stop
What is the function of mRNA and what is it's job and where is it made?
mRNA (messenger): copies the information from DNA in the nucleus and takes it to the ribosomes
The enzyme that separates the helix by breaking the H bonds between bases
DNA helicase
The two categories of bases found in DNA
Purines & pyrimidines
The strand that is positioned 3' -> 5' toward the reflication fork
leading strand
What molecules are combined at the ribosome
amino acids
What is the function of tRNA and were does it function?
It reads the codons of mRNA and brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome
what keeps the two parent DNA strands separated
SSBP's (single stranded binding proteins
The two bases that are purines
The two bases that are pyrimidines
adenine & guanine
cytosine & thymine
The pieces of DNA made along the lagging strand during DNA replication
Okazaki fragments
What type of bond holds amino acids together
peptide bonds
What is the function of rRNA?
Makes up the ribosomes
Which type of enzymes proofread the DNA?
polymerases