DNA Replication
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Protein Synthesis
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100
What is the monomer of DNA?
Nucleotide
100
Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?
1/2 from the original strand, 1/2 from the new strand
100
What is the sugar for DNA?
What is the sugar for RNA?
Deoxyribose
Ribose
100
If the process has DNA involved, what organelle does it take place in?
DNA: nucleus
100
What are the 4 macromolecules?
Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
200
Term used to describe DNA strands running in the 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'
Antiparallel
200
What is DNA's main job?
Holds our genetic information and instructions for how to make proteins
200
How many stop codons are there?
3
200
If the process has Proteins involved, what organelle does it take place in?
Proteins: ribosomes (can be found in the cytoplasm or on the Rough ER)
200
Which organelle modifies and packages proteins and ships them to where they need to go?
Golgi Apparatus
300
What 3 things make up a nucleotide?
Sugar, phophate, nitrogen base
300
Site and phase where DNA replication occurs
Nucleus, S phase
300
What is the only enzyme that builds a mRNA during transcription?
RNA Polymerase
-it opens up the DNA and pairs nucleotides to the mRNA strand
300
What is the Central Dogma?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Transcription Translation
300
What is the main difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport needs energy, passive transport does not.
low -> high high -> low
400
Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA: Deoxyribose, double helix, thymine
RNA: Ribose, single strand, uracil
400
What are the base-pairing rules for DNA?
AND how many hydrogen bonds are between each of them?
A-T : 2 hydrogen bonds
C-G : 3 hydrogen bonds
400
What are the 2 things on a tRNA molecule?
Anticodon and amino acid
400
What is the first amino acid that you should always start with during translation?
Methionine (met)
400
I am doing an experiment testing the effect of different sodas on people's heartrates. What are the independent and dependent variables?
Independent: Types of Soda
Dependent: Heartrate
500
What are the roles of the following enzymes:
-Helicase
-Primase
-DNA Polymerase
-Ligase
Helicase: unzips the DNA
Primase: makes RNA primers to prepare the DNA for DNA Polymerase
DNA Polymerase: adds nucleotide bases and proofreads its work
Ligase: glues the Okazaki fragments together
500
One strand of DNA reads as follows:
5' TTAGCGAAGGGACT 3'
What is the corresponding DNA strand?
3' AATCGCTTCCCTGA 5'
500
Transcribe and Translate the following DNA strand:
GGTACCCCAATACTAGC
DNA: GGTACCCCAATACTAGC
RNA: CCAUGGGGUUAUGAUCG
A.A.: met-gly-leu-stop
*Ignore the letters that come before AUG and after the stop codon!
500
There are 3 types of RNA. They are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. What are their jobs?
mRNA (messenger): gathers the information from DNA in the nucleus and takes it to the ribosomes
tRNA (transfer): has anticodons that match up with mRNA to bring amino acids to the ribosomes
rRNA (ribosomal): makes ribosomes
500
List the following stages in order for the cell cycle:
Prophase, G1, Cytokinesis, Telophase, Metaphase, G2, Anaphase, S
G1, S, G2 - Interphase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase - Mitosis
Cytokinesis