Structure
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
A double helix.
Who discovered the structure of DNA in 1953?
James Watson and Francis Crick.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What nitrogenous base pairs with adenine (A) in DNA?
Thymine (T).
What is the term for the process of DNA synthesis?
DNA replication
What enzyme unzips the DNA double helix?
Helicase
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
Sugar and phosphate groups.
What scientist took the X-ray images that helped discover DNA's structure?
Rosalind Franklin.
What is the main function of DNA?
To store genetic information.
What type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases together?
Hydrogen bonds.
DNA is made up of which macromolecule group?
Nucleic acids.
What enzyme adds complementary nucleotides during replication?
DNA polymerase.
What type of sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What year was DNA's double helix structure discovered?
1953
Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus.
Which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine (C) in DNA?
Guanine (G).
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is the function of primase in DNA replication?
It lays down RNA primers.
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
What is the name of the rule that determines base pairing in DNA?
Chargaff’s rule.
What is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein called?
A gene.
How many hydrogen bonds connect cytosine and guanine?
Three hydrogen bonds.
What element is found in all nucleotides but not in proteins?
Phosphorus
What enzyme seals gaps between Okazaki fragments?
DNA ligase.
What part of the nucleotide carries the genetic code?
The nitrogenous base.
What scientists contributed to determining that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material?
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.
What are the monomers (building blocks) of DNA?
Nucleotides.
What is Chargaff’s rule?
The amount of adenine equals thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals guanine in DNA.
What is the bond between the phosphate group and sugar in the DNA backbone called?
Phosphodiester bond
In which direction is DNA synthesized?
5' to 3' direction.