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Which phase of cell cycle is DNA replication?
S phase
What are the building blocks of DNA
Nucleotides
What is the process of making RNA from DNA
Transcription
What is the term for a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein?
Gene
What is the process of making proteins from RNA?
Translation
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication
Helicase
What is the name of the RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the first step of transcription
initiation
what is the last step of translation
termination
What is the name of the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template
RNA polymerase
What is the name of the primer required for DNA replication
RNA primer
what is Chargaff's rule
In DNA, the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine.
What is the name of the enzyme that proofreads and corrects errors during DNA replication
DNA polymerase III
What is the term for the addition of a 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail to the mRNA
Post-transcriptional modification
In splicing, which parts of DNA are removed and which parts are kept
introns are removed and exons are kept
What is the name of the protein complex that recognizes the promoter and initiates transcription
Transcription factor
What is the name of the protein that terminates transcription and releases the RNA polymerase
Rho factor
what is the start codon
AUG
the 3 stop codons
UAG, UAA, and UGA
types of mutations categorized by effect on protein
silent, missense, nonsense, frameshift
What is the end replication problem
the ends of linear DNA cannot be replicated completely during lagging strand DNA synthesis
what are the types of chromosomal mutations
deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation
two ways that can cause a mutation
spontaneous & induced mutation
how can UV radiation cause mutation
UV radiation is absorbed by thymine, causing it to form covalent bonds with adjacent nucleotides—disrupts DNA replication
3 types of post translational protein modifications
•Proteolysis
•Glycosylation
•Phosphorylation