Enzymes & Proteins
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix.
What is helicase?
DNA replication occurs during this phase of the cell cycle.
What is the S phase?
The building blocks of DNA are called
What are nucleotides
A change in the DNA sequence is called a ______.
What is a mutation?
DNA replication happens in this part of the cell.
What is the nucleus?
This enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing strand.
What is DNA polymerase?
The new DNA molecules each have one old and one new strand
What is semiconservative replication?
The sugar found in DNA is called
What is deoxyribose?
DNA polymerase can fix errors using this function.
What is proofreading
The human genome contains about this many base pairs.
What is 3 billion?
This enzyme connects Okazaki fragments.
What is DNA ligase?
Replication begins at specific points called
What are origins of replication?
Adenine pairs with this base.
What is thymine?
A mutation that doesn’t change the amino acid sequence.
What is a silent mutation
The scientist(s) who proposed the double helix model of DNA.
Who are Watson and Crick?
This enzyme adds short RNA primers to start replication.
What is primase?
The strand synthesized continuously toward the replication fork.
What is the leading strand?
DNA strands are oriented in opposite directions this term describes that.
What is antiparallel?
What is antiparallel?
When an incorrect base is added during replication.
What is a base substitution?
The enzyme that helps prevent chromosome shortening at the ends.
What is telomerase?
This protein prevents the strands from rejoining after unwinding.
What are single-strand binding proteins (SSBs
The strand made in short segments away from the fork.
What is the lagging strand?
The strong bonds between sugar and phosphate groups are called ______ bonds.
What are phosphodiester bonds?
Radiation and chemicals that cause mutations are called ______.
What are mutagens?
This type of replication occurs in circular DNA, like in bacteria.
What is the theta model or rolling circle replication?