Nucleic Acids
DNA Replication Enzymes
DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis 1
Protein Synthesis 2
100
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
100
Which strand includes the Okazaki fragments?
Lagging strand
100
Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?
a. one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands
b. two molecules, each with one original and one new strand
c. two molecules, each with two new strands
d. two molecules, each with two old strands
b. two molecules, each with one original and one new strand
100
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
100
Where does translation take place?
At the ribosome in the cytoplasm
200
What are nucleic acids made up of?
Nucleotides
200
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking apart the DNA bases at the beginning of DNA replication?
Helicase
200
When does DNA replication occur?
Interphase
200
What did the DNA sequence that produced an mRNA strand with the sequence AGUACA look like?
a. UCAUGU c. AGUACA
b. AGTACA d. TCATGT
d. TCATGT
200
How many nucleotide bases are in a codon?
3
300
What did Watson and Crick discover?
DNA is in the shape of a double helix
300
What enzyme adds new nitrogen bases to the leading and lagging strands?
DNA Polymerase
300
When DNA replicates, each new strand has half of the original nucleotides, making it...
A. conservative
B. anti-conservative
C. semi-conservative
D. complementary conservative
C. semi-conservative
300
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?
ATCAGTGAT
a. 5 c. 2
b. 4 d. 3
d. 3
300
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
a. transcribing DNA into RNA
b. Replicating DNA
c. Carrying amino acids to the ribosome
d. Catalyzing chemical reactions
c. Carrying amino acids to the ribosome
400
What are the building blocks of a nucleic acid?
Sugar, Base, Phosphate Group
400
Which enzyme glues the Okazaki fragments together?
Ligase
400
Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented above. There is an error in the DNA in which molecule?
a. segment 1 only c. segment 2 and 3
b. segment 3 only d. segment 2 and 4
b. segment 3 only
400
Which enzyme unwinds the DNA and reads the DNA sequence to create mRNA?
RNA Polymerase
400
Why do cells need both tRNA and mRNA?
a. Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids
b. Only mRNA can be used to repair mistakes in the DNA sequence.
c. The tRNA in used on the ribosomes and the mRNA is used in the nucleus.
d. The mRNA brings information to the nucleus for the tRNA to use.
a. Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids
500
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA?
a. to code for proteins c. to separate the strands
b. to synthesize proteins d. to connect the base pairs
d. to connect the base pairs
500
What are the two things that help helicase by holding back the DNA to stop it from winding back up?
Topoisomerase and SSB proteins
500
What happens after primase adds an RNA primer to the new strand?
DNA Polymerase begins to add new bases to the DNA strand
500
The green pepper plant has proteins that control the process of making glucose. How does the plant obtain these proteins?
a. The plant makes the proteins using the instructions in DNA.
b. The proteins are absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plant.
c. The light energy changes molecules in the plant cell into proteins.
d. The proteins are all present in the seed before germination occurs.
a. The plant makes the proteins using the instructions in DNA.
500
A strand of mRNA has made it to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and the ribosome has attached to the correct end of it. What is the next thing that will happen?
a. The ribosome will fold the mRNA strand so it becomes a completed protein strand.
b. The complementary bases will pair up with the mRNA to make a new DNA strand.
c. Amino acids will begin to attach to the correct codons on the mRNA strand.
d. The correct anticodon on a tRNA molecule will match up with the first mRNA codon
d. The correct anticodon on a tRNA molecule will match up with the first mRNA codon