Steps of DNA Replication
Before DNA replication happens (S-Phase), what phase is the cell in?
The phase would be in the G1 Phase, which means the cell is trying to get ready for DNA replication.
Why is it important for DNA replication to occur in cells?
So that way the daughter cells have identical DNA to the parent cells.
What is the function of the primase?
The primase makes primer which helps the other enzymes work.
T/F: DNA replication occurs only in eukaryotic cells.
F: DNA replication occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Name the stages of mitosis, in order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the first step of DNA replication?
The helicase enzyme unzips the DNA into two strands, which creates openings called "origins of replication."
Where does DNA replication occur in a eukaryotic cell?
In the nucleus
What is the function of the helicase?
The helicase unzips the DNA which breaks the hydrogen bonds.
T/F: The interphase's longest stage is the M-Phase.
F: The interphase's longest stage is the G1 phase.
Name the phases of interphase, in order.
G0, G1, S, G2, M
What is the second step of DNA replication?
The primase enzyme makes and places the primer which helps the DNA polymerase know where to start it's job.
Where does DNA replication occur in prokaryotic cells?
In the cytoplasm
What is the function of the ligase?
The ligase glues and seals the DNA together.
T/F: The ligase glues okazaki fragments together.
T: The ligase glues okazaki fragments and DNA fragments together.
Can DNA polymerase match incorrect bases?
Yes, DNA polymerase can match incorrect bases. It is a very rare occurrence.
What is the third step of DNA replication?
The DNA polymerase enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to the template strands.
When would you expect DNA replication to occur in cells?
When the cell is in the S-Phase of the interphase.
What is the function of the DNA polymerase?
The DNA polymerase replicates DNA molecules to build a new strand of DNA and brings the new bases to the strand.
T/F: The helicase breaks hydrogen and nitrogenous bonds.
F: The helicase breaks only hydrogen bonds.
What nitrogen bases pair together and what are they called?
Pyrimidines: Cytosine + Thymine
What is the final step of DNA replication?
The ligase enzyme glues the DNA fragments together to form a brand new strand of DNA, showing the the replication was successful.
Once the DNA has successfully split up into 2 new strands, where is the lagging strand located?
at the replication fork/junction/in the double helix (the bottom strand)
What is the function of the RNA polymerase?
The RNA polymerase copies a RNA sequence into an RNA sequence, during the process of transcription.
T/F: DNA Polymerase replicates DNA molecules to build a new strand of different DNA.
F: DNA Polymerase replicates DNA molecules to build a new strand of the same DNA.
What are some characteristics about newly formed DNA?
1. The new strand will be the same as the parent or “old” strand.
2. When two daughter DNA copies are formed, they have the same sequence and are divided equally.