DNA Replication
Enzyme Functions
DNA Models
Mutations
100
What is the replication fork?
100
This enzyme begins DNA replication by unwinding the double helix and separating the two strands.
What is helicase?
100
This model of DNA replication involves each daughter DNA molecule containing one original strand and one new strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
100
A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
What is a mutation?
200
Oval-shaped structures during DNA replication.
What are replication bubbles?
200
This enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers to give DNA polymerase a starting point.
What is primase?
200
In May of 1958, this experiment provided strong evidence for the semiconservative model of DNA replication.
What is the Meselson-Stahl experiment? (The Most Beautiful Experiment in Biology or The Replication of DNA in E. Coli)
200
Changes in ____ result in mutations.
What are base pairs?
300
The direction in which the leading strand synthesis occurs.
What is 5’ to 3’?
300
This enzyme adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand and proofreads for errors during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
300
In semiconservative replication, each of these serves as a template for creating a new complementary DNA strand.
What is a parental (original) DNA strand?
300
Changes in DNA result in different mRNA sequences, which alter the…
What are amino acids?
400
(True or False) Lagging strand synthesis moves into the fork; leading strand synthesis moves away from the fork.
False.
400
This enzyme connects short DNA fragments by forming covalent bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone.
What is DNA ligase?
400
Semiconservative replication was one of the three proposed models. Name one of the other two.
What is conservative replication or dispersive replication?
400
Mutations in ____ cells can be passed down.
What is a germ cell? (Sperm/egg)
500
A single machine formed by all the different enzymes and other proteins combined.
What is the replisome?
500
This enzyme prevents DNA supercoiling ahead of the replication fork by relieving strain.
What is topoisomerase?
500
In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, bacterial cells were grown in the presence of a specific type of ____, which is found in DNA and would make the DNA heavy.
What is nitrogen? (N15 > N14)
500
This genetic mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from one or more bases.
What is a frameshift mutation?