DNA Structure
The number of strands that make up DNA
What is two (2)?
These are the names of the different nitrogen bases
What are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine?
Sequence of paired strand:
ATTACG
What is... TAATGC
This is the enzyme that unzips the DNA strand (breaks the hydrogen bonds)
What is helicase?
Model that shows how DNA replicates (How new DNA strand comes from already existing strand)
What is a Semi-conservative model? (strands get separated and new nucleotides get added to already exsisting strands)
The shape of DNA
What is a Double-helix structure?
These are the Base pairings of nucleotides (what pairs with what)
What are...
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
Sequence of paired strand:
TGCTTGA
What is.....
ACGAACT
This is the enzyme that adds new nucleotide bases to the parent or template strand to form a new DNA strand
Bonus 100 points: What direction does it move?
What is DNA polymerase (III)?
Moves only in 5' to 3' direction
Scientist that discovered the structure of DNA (didn't get credit until after their death)
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This is the monomer that makes up DNA (a polymer)
What is a nucleotide?
The names of the ends of each DNA strand
What is the 3' and 5' end ?
Sequence of paired strand:
TTC GCA ATC GGC
What is
AAG CGT TAG CCG
This is the function of the enzyme "ligase"
What is glues sugar phosphate backbone together to form new DNA strand?
(links all the bases on the lagging strand together )
True or False: Purines (adenine and guanine) are single-ring nucleotides
FALSE
Pyrimidines (Cytosine and Thymine) are single-ring
These are the three components that make up a nucleotide
Draw and label it!
What is a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base?
This is the type of bond that connects nucleotide pairs from different strands
What is a hydrogen bond?
A geneticist sequences the genome of a fish and finds the percentage of guanine is 34%, what is the percentage of adenine?
What is 16%?
Structure formed when helicase breaks hydrogen bonds (Where DNA begins to replicate/copy/divide)
What is the replication fork?
DNA strands wrap around histones (proteins) over and over again to form this structure
(Hint: You can these on a karyotype)
What are Chromosomes?
This is the type of sugar found in nucleotides (Hint. think about what DNA stands for)
What is deoxyribose sugar?
This is the type of bond that connects nucleotides on the same DNA strand together (the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar of another nucleotide)
What is a....
Phosphodiester bond?
Covalent is acceptable here
A geneticist sequences the genome of a giraffe and finds the percentage of adenine is 45%, what is the percentage of thymine?
What is 45%?
These are the disconnected fragments of nucleotides formed on the lagging strand by DNA Polymerase III.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This is the phase of the cell cycle when DNA replication occurs
What is the S Phase?