Structure
The purine bases
Adenine and Guanine
DNA replication occurs in this direction
5'->3'
Transcription occurs between which stages in the central dogma
DNA -> RNA
The two parts of a tRNA molecule
-tRNA/Anticodon
-Amino acid
The 3 types of gene mutations
-Substitution
-Deletion
-Insertion
The sugar molecules found in DNA and RNA respectively
Deoxyribose and ribose
Two enzymes involved in DNA replication and their functions
-Helicase (breaks H-bonds)
-DNA polymerase (builds the new strand)
Transcribe this sequence:
TACGAGGAT
AUGCUCCUA
Translate this sequence:
AUGCUCCUA
Start-Leucine-Leucine
A reason a mutation could become more common in a species/population
It is beneficial
The 3 pyrimidines
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
DNA replication is how a cell goes from being __________ (N) to __________ (2N)
Haploid to diploid
These sequences are removed during RNA splicing
Introns
A pirate's favorite amino acid
Arrrrrginine or Cytosine (the C)
2 ways the cell protects itself against mutations
-RNA splicing
-Redundancy in codons
-Proofreading
Guanine and cytosine bind together more tightly than adenine and thymine because...
For every origin of replication (ORI site) this many replication forks are made
2
This sequence tells RNA polymerase where to bind
Promoter sequence
Translation in eukaryotes occurs (most often) at this location
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
Translocation mutations occur most often during this process
Crossing over
Two reasons why DNA has a double helix structure
-Increases stability/protects bases from water (polar bonds)
-Allows DNA to easily compact
This protein is not found alongside prokaryotic DNA
Histones
RNA polymerase works best at a pH of ~7. What would happen if the environment changed to a pH of 5? Why?
RNA polymerase would not work. Active site would break down
How many amino acids are in a typical protein that was encoded in 24 nucleotides?
7
7 codons for amino acids
1 codon for stop
Mutations in these cells can lead to genetic disease that can be passed down
Gametes