Structure and Function
History
Replication
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
100
How would you describe the overall structure of DNA?
A twisted ladder - double helix
100
What did Erwin Chargaff discover about DNA?
That there is always an equal percentage of A and T, and equal percentage of G and C
100
What is DNA replication?
DNA molecule is doubled so that there are two exact copies
100
What is the function of DNA?
To store genetic information
100
What is a substitution mutation?
When one base is switched for a different base.
200
What are the subunits of DNA?
Nucleotides
200
What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA?
X-ray photographs of DNA
200
Briefly describe how DNA replication occurs
DNA molecule is opened between the bases, nucleotides are added to each side to complimentary bases, it finishes with two identical DNA molecules.
200
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein; proteins run the body
200
What is an insertion mutation?
When a base pair is added
300
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, A sugar, and a base
300
Who were the two scientists that built a 3D model of DNA?
Watson and Crick
300
What is the finished product of DNA replication?
Two double stranded DNA molecules that are identical.
300
What is a protein?
A resulting product that a gene codes for. A protein does work in the body. It is made of amino acids
300
What is a deletion mutation?
What is a base pair is deleted
400
What are the four bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
400
What did Watson and Crick's model look like?
A twisted ladder with bases paired together A=T, G=C
400
Write the complimentary strand for the following: ATGTAGGGACCATGACTAG
TACATCCCTGGTACTGATC
400
What are the two types of RNA and what do they do?
mRNA - the messenger that brings a copy of the DNA to the ribosome tRNA - transfer RNA brings the amino acid to the ribosome
400
What is the most common mutation?
Substitution.
500
Where do we find DNA in a cell?
In the nuculeus
500
Who was the female that contributed to the finding of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
500
Why does DNA need to replicate before mitosis?
Because the cell will split and if there are not two identical DNA copies, the new cell will not have DNA and will not function
500
Where are proteins created?
In the cytoplasm on the ribosome
500
What are the most serious types of mutations? WHY?
insertion and deletion. They cause a frameshift and every amino acid after the mutation can be different
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