DNA
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutations
100

What two words describe the structure of DNA?

double helix

100

Where does DNA replication occur in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

100

What base is found in RNA but not DNA? What base is not found in RNA?

Uracil is in RNA

Thymine is in DNA

100

Where does translation occur in a cell?

The ribosome!

100

Which is going to be more significant, a genetic mutation or chromosomal mutation?

Chromosomal Mutation

200

What are the four bases in DNA and how are they paired?

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Cytosine pairs with Guanine

200

What does it mean to say that DNA replication is semi-conservative?

when it makes a new copy, each copy has one “old” strand and one “new” strand

200

What organelle does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

The nucleus

200

Translate the following:

GAG AUA CCG CAU UGG GCA UAG

Glu- Ile- Pro- His- Trp- Ala- Stop

200

What specific example of a mutation did we look at in class? (hint: a genetic disease that affects a specific type of cell)

Sickle Cell Mutation

300

What are the complementary nucleotides for the following DNA sequence?

AGGCTGACCGTA

TCCGACTGGCAT

300

During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase!

300

Transcribe the following DNA sequence.

CGGATAAGTCTTCGA

GCC UAU UCA GAA GCU

300

What is the start codon?

How many stop codons are there?

AUG

3

300

Which mutation is more likely to result in the production of a non- functioning protein -- a deletion or substitution?


Deletion because it is a frameshift mutation

400

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide? Must be specific. 

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogenous Base, Phosphate Group

The backbone is made of the deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group

400

During DNA replication, what enzymes are involved and what do they do exactly?

Helicase separates the two strands of DNA. 

DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides, and proofreads the DNA.

400

What are the three types of RNA and what are their functions?

messenger RNA carries instructions from a DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm (the message)

ribosomal RNA are part of what ribosomes are made of

transfer RNA brings specific amino acids that match the mRNA template

400

What is a codon?

3 consecutive nucleotides that "code" for a specific amino acid during translation

400

What type of mutation is shown below? be specific

substitution -- missense

500

What is the name of the scientist that took the first clear x-ray images of DNA, critical for the discovery of DNA structure, but never received a Nobel Prize for their work?


Rosalind Franklin

500

The sites where separation and replication occur on the DNA are called what?

replication forks

500

What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

RNA Polymerase

500

The three steps of translation in order are:

initiation

elongation

termination

500

What type of mutation produces extra copies of parts of a chromosome (like in Down Syndrome)?

Duplication

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