DNA
RNA
Transcription
Translation
Proteins
100
What do the letters DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
What is the name of the five carbon sugar for which RNA is named?
Ribose
100
What is transcription?
The process of using a molecule of DNA as a template for the creation of a strand of RNA.
100
What is translation?
RNA ---> proteins
100
What is a protein made of?
a long chain of amino acids
200
What did Watson and Crick determine about the structure of DNA and what does the term that they coined mean?
double helix- 2 strands of nucleotides twisted around each other
200
What are the four nitrogen bases in RNA?
adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine
200
Where does transcription take place?
nucleus
200
A three letter nitrogen base sequence (triplet) on a strand of mRNA is called a ______________.
Codon
200
How many different amino acids are there?
20
300
The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself is called __________________ and occurs in the _________________ of the cell.
Replication and nucleus
300
How does RNA differ from DNA?
single stranded, ribose, uracil
300
What is the name of the enzyme that is used to bind complimentary nitrogren bases to the strand of DNA while creating the RNA strand?
RNA polymerase
300
What is a nitrogen base triplet on a tRNA molecule called?
anticodon
300
What is the function of a protein?
strenghten, support, and speed up chemical reactions
400
What are the 3 components of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate group, nitrogen base, 5-C sugar deoxyribose
400
Where is RNA produced?
in the nucleus
400
After transcription is complete, and the RNA leaves the nucleus, the strand is now known as _____________________ RNA.
messenger
400
What do tRNA molecules do during protein synthesis?
Transfer amino acids to the growing chain by matching their anticodon to the mRNA codon.
400
If the nitrogen base sequence of a tRNA molecule is A G U, what does the sequence on the DNA strand look like?
A G T
500
What is the significance of DNA replication in relation to the cell cycle?
It occurs in the S phase of Interphase and allows for the daughter cells of mitosis to have identical DNA.
500
Analogy: sugar: carbohydrate:: RNA: ______________________
nucleic acid
500
If a strand of DNA has the following base sequence, what will the mRNA strand look like? A T T G C C T A C
A T T G C C T A C U A A C G G A U C
500
What is the name of the start codon AUG?
methionine
500
The genetic code is said to be universal because a codon represents the same ________________________ in almost all organisms.
amino acid
M
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