DNA
The structure of DNA
Double helix
The organelle in which transcription occurs (in eukaryotes)
Nucleus
The three-nucleotide sequence of mRNA that specifies an amino acid
Mutations that occur here will be passed on to offspring
Gametes
Base pairs for DNA
Adenine-Thymine; Guanine-Cytosine
Which base is found in DNA but not RNA?
Thymine
The molecule synthesized during transcription
mRNA
The type of macromolecule synthesized during translation
Polypeptide/protein
This type of point mutation changes a single amino acid
Substitution
Components of a nucleotide
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, five-carbon sugar
Which sugar is in DNA and which one is in RNA?
DNA - Deoxyribose; RNA - Ribose
The enzyme most directly involved in transcription
RNA polymerase
The organelle in which translation occurs
Ribosome
Insertion and deletion are examples of this type of mutation
Frameshift
The term for synthesizing two new DNA molecules that each have one strand from the original molecule and one newly synthesized strand
Semi-conservative replication
The enzyme that "unzips" DNA
DNA helicase
The region of DNA that acts as a binding site for transcription to begin
Promoter
Function of tRNA
Brings amino acids to the ribosome and delivers them according to the mRNA codons
This type of mutation does not change the resulting amino acid sequence
Silent mutation
Environmental factors change gene expression without altering the DNA sequence
Epigenetics
Two functions of DNA polymerase
Synthesizing and proofreading the new strand of DNA
The sections of mRNA that are spliced together and leave the nucleus
Exons
The three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that guides it to the correct sequence of mRNA
Anticodon
A chromosomal mutation in which a piece of one chromosome attaches to a different, non-homologous chromosome
Translocation
Proteins that bind to DNA to activate or deactivate genes
Transcription factors