History of DNA
First modeled the double helical structure of DNA
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?
Made up of (1) a phosphate group (2) a deoxyribose (3) nitrogenous base
What is a nucleotide?
The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template
What is transcription?
The synthesis of protein under the direction of RNA
A mutation that changes a codon to one that codes for the same amino acid as the original codon
What is a silent mutation?
Produced an x-ray crystallography image of DNA
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
DNA replication model in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
What is the semiconservative model?
The kind of RNA that encodes amino acid sequences
What is messenger RNA?
A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a specific amino acid
What is a codon?
One base in a gene is replaced with a different base
What is a substitution?
Discovered the amount of A in the DNA was equal to the amount of T, and the amount of C was equal to the amount of G
Who is Erwin Chargaff?
Strand that undergoes replication discontinuously in small fragments
What is the lagging strand?
Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription
What is RNA Polymerase?
A three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA molecule
What is an anticodon?
A change that involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides
What is a frameshift mutation?
Who is Frederick Griffith?
Enzymes that add new DNA nucleotides to a growing daughter strand
What is DNA Polymerase?
Type of RNA that serves as an interpreter in translation
What is transfer RNA?
What is a polypeptide?
A change in the nucleotide sequence that converts an amino-acid-encoding codon to a stop codon
What is a nonsense mutation?
Conducted a series of experiments to prove that DNA was the genetic material
Who are Hershey and Chase?
Enzyme that links the pieces together into a single DNA strand
What is DNA Ligase?
Type of RNA that makes up ribosomal subunits
What is ribosomal RNA?
Structures in the cytoplasm that catalyze the synthesis of polypeptides
What is a ribosome?
A change in the nucleotide sequence that alters the amino acid sequence
What is a missense mutation?