DNA Replication
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of DNA during replication.
DNA polymerase
Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of mRNA
RNA Pol II
Where does protein translation occur?
The cytoplasm
Name a process that targets a protein for degradation
Ubiquitylation
What is the pribnow box?
Part of the prokaryotic promoter
Name the enzyme that unwinds the DNA.
DNA helicase
What is the RNA transcript for the following sequence of DNA? Put your answer in 5' to 3'.
5' AGGTCTGGATC 3'
5' GAUCCAGACCU 3'
What is the role of tRNA in protein translation?
tRNA carries amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain
Name the pattern of inheritance in which external modification to the DNA due to chromatin remodeling causes heritable differences.
epigenetics
Name a difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA replication.
Prokaryotic DNA replication involves one origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic DNA replication involves many origins of replication.
What is the function of DNA ligase
Name the process that greatly increases the diversity of proteins by increasing the number of RNA variants.
Compare DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis. What does not vary between the two processes?
Alternative splicing
In general histone methylation causes chromatin to be _____ whereas histone acetylation tends to cause the chromatin to _____.
Compact and transcriptionally inactive; be open and transcriptionally active
Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. With respect to the enzyme that converts X to Y, substance A functions as _____.
an allosteric inhibitor
How are nitrogenous bases bonded attached to each other between strands in DNA (type of bond)?
Hydrogen bonds
Compare DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis. What does not vary between the two processes?
Direction of synthesis
Consider the anti-codon 3'-GGU-5' on a t-RNA. What is the DNA sequence for the codon.
5'-TGG-3'
What is the function of mediator?
Coordinating transcription factors to affect gene transcription.
____ fixes DNA damage while ____ fixes incorrect nucleotide pairings in a preexisting double helix
nucleotide excision repair; mismatch repair
Cytosine makes up 33% of the nucleotides in a DNA sample. What is the percent of each nucleotide (A, G, C, T)?
C: 33%
G: 33%
A: 17%
T: 17%
What is the TATA box and what binds to it?
The TATA box is part of eukaryotic promoters. General transcription factors and RNA Polymerase II bind to the TATA box.
Name 4 components of translation
mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, GTP
Name three types of protein regulation:
- chromatin remodeling
- transcription factors
- mRNA degradation
- protein degradation
What are enhancers/activators and where are they found?
Transcription factors can bind to an enhancer to increase the transcription of a related gene. Enhancers are found arbitrarily far away from the gene they regulate.