DNA
DNA is short for this name
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The structure of RNA
Single stranded, repeating subunits of nucleotides
Proteins are made of this
Amino Acids
Permanent alterations to the DNA sequence of an organism
Mutation
Base-Pair Rule
Adenine-Thymine
Guanine-Cytosine
Structure of DNA
Double Helix
Base which bonds with Adenine instead of Thymine in RNA
Uracil
A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides which code for an amino acid
Codon
A mutation which is a change in a single base of DNA
Point Mutation
sections of DNA which code for a specific trait or protein
gene
DNA is found here in the cell
Nucleus
The RNA sequence from the DNA strand AAA TCG ATC
UUU AGC UAG
RNA is made from DNA in the nucleus
transcription
A mutation which results in the same amino acid being coded
Silent Mutation
Three structural differences between DNA and RNA
Uracil instead of Thymine
Ribose instead of Deoxyribose
Single stranded instead of double stranded
The three parts of a nucleotide (DNA)
Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), base
The sugar which is found in the nucleotides of RNA
Ribose
Proteins are made from RNA
translation
A mutation which causes a premature stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
The structure which synthesize proteins by translating mRNA, it is made of this
ribosome, rRNA
Enzyme which adds free nucleotides to a template strand during replication
DNA Polymerase
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA: carries genetic instructions from the DNA inside the nucleus to the ribosomes outside the nucleus (transcription)
tRNA: matches amino acids to the mRNA codons (translation)
rRNA: makes up structure of ribosomes
Structure of a protein and its importance
Repeating amino acids (20 options)
Structure of a protein determines its function
A mutation which results in an incorrect amino acid being coded
Missense Mutation
Enzyme which separates two sides of a DNA strand for replication
Helicase