Structure and Function of DNA
DNA Replication
RNA and Transcription
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
100
One DNA strand has a base sequence GTCCATA. The base sequence on the second strand of DNA is...
CAGGTAT
100

Chargoff's experiments showed that the amount of A,T,C and G is

different from species to species

100
A single stranded piece of a DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching sequence on its RNA transcript?
UGACUC
100
This process turns mRNA into a protein.
Translation.
100
What is a mutation? Name 2 environmental factors can cause a mutation.
Any change to an organism's DNA/genome. Environmental factors: chemicals, radiation, sun, food, & viruses
200

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Nucleotide

200

What is the end product of DNA replication 

Two new molecules of DNA, each is identical to each other and to the original molecule.

200
Transcription: What does is make? What enzyme makes the product? Where does it take place?
RNA. RNA polymerase. Nucleus.
200
What cell organelle makes protein? What are the monomers of protein called?
Ribosome / amino acids
200
What is a frameshift mutation?
This type of mutation occurs when bases are inserted or deletedm, causing ALL the codons from the point of mutation forward to change, thus change causing all the amino acids to change.
300

Information flows in one direction from

DNA to RNA to proteins

300
Enzyme the unzips/unwinds DNA

Helicase: unzips/unwinds the DNA helix by breaking the bonds between the bases.

300

Where is RNA found?

Nucleus and cytoplasm

300

What is a codon?

A 3 nucleotide sequence used to code for proteins.

300

Mutation that changes one letter in a genetic sequence?

Point Mutation/ Point Substitution

400
These two men are credited with figuring out the shape & structure of DNA. They used a photograph taken by a female fellow scientist (+points if you can name the female scientist).
James Watson and Francis Crick (+points for Rosalind Franklin)
400

Nucleotides are to nucleic acids as amino acids are to___?

Proteins

400
Name the three different types of RNA and describe the function of each of them.
mRNA: delivers a copy version of a DNA gene from the nucleus to the ribosome. tRNA: transfers the amino acids to the ribosome. rRNA: part of the ribosome.
400
A ribosome makes a protein containing 60 amino acids. The corresponding mRNA consists of at least how many codons?
60
400

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Having more or less than 2 chromosomes for each set. 

500
In a sample of DNA, 40% of the bases are adenine. What percentage of bases are guanine?
10%
500

Results showed that 20% of the nucleotides contained the nitrogen base adenine. What else can be inferred based on this data?

The percentage of Cytosine is 30% and Thymine is 20%.

500

Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA: deoxyribose, thymine, long, double-stranded, made by DNA replication. RNA: ribose, uracil, short, single-stranded, made by transcription.

500
1) The bonds that the ribosomes use to hold amino acids together during protein synthesis are called… 2) This is what we call a chain of amino acids (a protein before it gets its shape)
Peptide bonds. Polypeptide.
500
What is a chromosomal mutation? Give an example.
Alterations to a piece of a chromosome or a whole chromosome [e.g., Down syndrome (3 chromosome #21)]
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