Structure and Function of DNA
DNA Replication
RNA and Transcription
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
100
One DNA strand has a base sequence GTCCATA. The base sequence on the second strand of DNA is...
CAGGTAT
100

 During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

S-phase of Interphase

100
A single stranded piece of a DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching sequence on its RNA transcript?
UGACUC
100
This process turns mRNA into a protein.
Translation.
100
What is a mutation? Name 2 environmental factors can cause a mutation.
Any change to an organism's DNA/genome. Environmental factors: chemicals, radiation, sun, food, & viruses
200

What do we call the monomers of DNA? What are its 3 parts? 

Nucleotide: phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), base (A, C, T, or G). The phosphate and sugar form the backbone. The backbone provides structure and support for the molecule.

200
What is the end product of DNA replication (be very specific!)
Two new molecules of DNA, each is identical to each other and to the original molecule.
200
Transcription: What does is make? What enzyme makes the product? Where does it take place?
RNA. RNA polymerase. Nucleus.
200
What cell organelle makes protein? What are the monomers of protein called?
Ribosome / amino acids
200
What is a frameshift mutation?
This type of mutation occurs when bases are inserted or deletedm, causing ALL the codons from the point of mutation forward to change, thus change causing all the amino acids to change.
300

Describe the function/purpose of DNA in organisms. 

DNA carrys our genetic information. 

300

What does Helicase do in DNA Replication?

Helicase: unzips/unwinds the DNA helix by breaking the bonds between the bases. 

300
Why can’t DNA leave the nucleus?
DNA is too long/bulky to exit through the nuclear pores.
300

Which amino acid does AUG represent?

Methionine

Met

300
Are all mutations harmful? If not, give a counter example.
Helpful mutations: having ONE sickle cell gene makes you immune to the parasite that causes malaria. Neutral mutations: blue eyes
400

These two men are credited with figuring out the shape & structure of DNA. 

James Watson and Francis Crick 

400
Why does DNA need to be copied?
So that when the cell divides, each new cell has a complete set of DNA.
400

Which type of RNA is made from DNA and contains the instructions for which amino acids to make?

mRNA

400
A ribosome makes a protein containing 60 amino acids. The corresponding mRNA consists of at least how many codons?
60
400
Give one example of a harmful mutation and one example of a lethal mutation.
Harmful example: sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, & cancer. Lethal mutation: Tay Sachs Syndrome
500

In a sample of DNA, 40% of the bases are adenine. What percentage of bases are Thymine?

40%

500
Why is DNA replication called a "semi-conservative" process?
DNA replication is "semi-conservative" because each new molecule of DNA has one original strand and one newly synthesized strand (it is half conserved, or half saved)
500

Name 1 difference between DNA and RNA.

DNA: deoxyribose, thymine, long, double-stranded, made by DNA replication. RNA: ribose, uracil, short, single-stranded, made by transcription.

500
1) The bonds that the ribosomes use to hold amino acids together during protein synthesis are called… 2) This is what we call a chain of amino acids (a protein before it gets its shape)
Peptide bonds. Polypeptide.
500
What is a chromosomal mutation? Give an example.
Alterations to a piece of a chromosome or a whole chromosome [e.g., Down syndrome (3 chromosome #21)]
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