DNA
The shape of DNA
What is a "double helix"?
The 4 nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule include....
What is Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
The site where mRNA is created from the DNA sequence that will code for a specific trait.
What is the "nucleus?"
In what organelle is mRNA read and the protein synthesized?
What is " the ribosome?"
Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
What are Mutations?
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base makes up a...
What is nucleotide?
True or False
DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids
True
DNA: CAT-GTA-CCG. What is the complementary mRNA strand from the DNA sequence?
What is RNA: GUA-CAU-GGC
the type of RNA that transfers the appropriate amino acid
What is tRNA?
3 nitrogen bases that are complimentary to the mRNA codons during translation.
What is the "anticodon."
The 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule include...
What is Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
Name the three different types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
The process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand.
What is Transcription?
The CAUUUG sequence of bases mutated to CACUUG, resulting in the same amino acid sequence. Is this really possible?
What is yes?
the enzyme that binds to the promotor site on the DNA strands and adds the complimentary bases to form the mRNA strand
What is RNA polymerase?
The bond that connects nitrogenous bases in DNA in the rungs of the ladder
What are hydrogen bonds?
Where in a cell are you most likely to find RNA (but NO DNA)
Cytoplasm
The secondary process of Protein synthesis in which mRNA is used to produce proteins.
What is Translation?
In this type of mutation an extra nucleotide is inserted into the copied DNA strand
Insertion
The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome
What is mRNA?
Adenine pairs with ___________
Guanine pairs with ____________
What is Thymine?
What is Cytosine?
The name of the strand that is created from the DNA template for protein synthesis.
What is the mRNA?
Ribosomes read the mRNA strand one codon at a time. Each codon is made of ______ nitrogenous bases and encodes for _______ amino acid at a time
What are "3" and "1"?
Provide the missing information
DNA: CTA
mRNA:
What is..
mRNA: GAU
A group of 3 three bases on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid is called a ________
What is a "codon?"
A DNA Molecule has the bases, AGC-TAC-GCT. WHAT is the complementary DNA molecule that will form
WHAT is TCG-ATG-CGA?
True or False
mRNA must mature before it can leave the nucleus of a cell.
True
A ribosome will continue to create a protein until it encounters a......
What is a "Stop Codon."
Provide the missing information
mRNA:
tRNA: UAG
mRNA: AUC
Examine the following mutation
ACG GGC AAA CGA TTG -->
ACG GGC AAC GAT TG
This mutation is an example of :
What is a "frameshift mutation"?
List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule
DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single
N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar
DNA has the genetic code; RNA uses DNA to carry the message.
DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus
An RNA strand is AUG-CUA-CCG. What would be the resulting tRNA anticodons:
WHAT IS UAC-GAU-GGC?
What is the SPECIFIC amino acid OR codon that allows for translation to begin.
What is "Methionine or AUG"?
What type of mutagen can cause mutations by reacting chemically with the DNA
Chemical mutagens
A cluster of prokaryotic genes that are joined together. If one of the genes is expressed, then they all are. An example is Lac Z, Lac Y and Lac A in E.coli bacteria.
Operons
The three parts of each nucleotide
What are:
A phosphate group
A deoxyribose sugar
A nitrogen-containing base
The segments that are removed from mRNA before it leaves the nucleus
What are "introns"?
What do we call a specialized sequence of DNA that allows RNA polymerase to bind to it?
Promoter
Mutations in these types of cells can be passed on to offspring?
What are "reproductive" or "germ cells"?
The molecules that repair thymine dimers formed by UV rays in sunshine
What are "DNA repair enzymes"?