DNA
What shape is DNA?
double helix
The site where DNA replication begins
What is a "Origin of Replication"
The 4 nitrogen bases of an RNA molecule include....
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
The site where mRNA is created from the DNA sequence that will code for a specific trait.
nucleus
In what organelle is mRNA read and the protein synthesized?
the ribosome
Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Mutations
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base makes up a...
nucleotide
Name a difference between Prokaryotic DNA Replication and Eukaryotic Replication
Prokaryotic: Single Loop, One Origin of Replication
Eukaryotic: Multiple Chromosomes, Multiple Origins of Replication
True or False
DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids
True
The process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand.
Transcription
the type of RNA that transfers the appropriate amino acid
tRNA
A group of 3 three bases on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid is called a ________
What is a "codon?"
The 4 nitrogen bases of a DNA molecule include...
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
What enzyme is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides during replication (unzips the DNA)
Helicase
Name the three different types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
A DNA Molecule has the bases, AGC-TAC-GCT. WHAT is the complementary RNA molecule that will form
UCG-AUG-CGA
In this type of mutation an extra nucleotide is inserted into the copied DNA strand
Insertion
the enzyme that binds to the DNA strands and adds the complimentary bases to form the mRNA strand
RNA polymerase
The bond that connects nitrogen bases in DNA in the rungs of the ladder
hydrogen bonds
DNA: CAT-GTA-CCG. What is the complementary DNA strand from the DNA sequence?
What is DNA: GTA-CAT-GGC
The type of RNA that is found in ribosomes
rRNA
The process of Protein synthesis in which mRNA is read in the ribosome and produces proteins.
Translation
An RNA strand is AUG-CUA-CCG. What would be the resulting tRNA anticodons:
WHAT IS UAC-GAU-GGC?
The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome
mRNA
Adenine pairs with ___________
Guanine pairs with ____________
Thymine
Cytosine
This enzyme adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
What is "DNA Polymerase"
Where in a cell are you most likely to find RNA (but NO DNA)
Cytoplasm
What is the SPECIFIC amino acid OR codon that allows for translation to begin.
What is "Methionine or AUG"?
List 2 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule
DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar
DNA has the genetic code; RNA uses DNA to carry the message.
DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus
The name of the strand that is created from the DNA template for protein synthesis.
What is the mRNA?