DNA & RNA Structures
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutation
100

What makes up the "backbone" of a DNA molecule?

sugars and phosphate groups

100
Where does replication occur in our cells?
nucleus
100
Where does transcription occur in our cells?
nucleus
100
What type of RNA carries a message that must be "translated?"
mRNA
100

What do you call a change in the sequence of DNA

a mutation

200
What is the technical term for DNA's "twisted ladder" structure?
double helix
200

What are the rules for DNA base-pairing?

Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C)

200
Instead of using thymine, RNA always uses ___________ to pair with the adenines on DNA.
uracil
200
What type of RNA would have a methionine attached to it?
tRNA
200
How many codons would a point mutation affect?
one
300
What are the 4 bases on RNA?
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
300
How many DNA molecules are made through the process of replication?
two
300
Unlike DNA, RNA is a ___________-stranded molecule.
single
300

Where does translation take place?

ribosome

300

What type of mutations results in a translation stopping prematurely. 

Nonsense

400
What is a sequence of three nucleotides on RNA called?
codon
400

When does replication take place?

During the S phase of Interphase 

400
What are the three types of RNA (full names & abbreviations)?
messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), & ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
400

What type of RNA makes up the ribosome

rRNA

400

What are the two types of frameshift mutations

insertions and deletions

500
Name the sugars found in DNA and RNA

Deoxyribose and Ribose

500

What does the enzyme Helicase do?

unwind the DNA molecule

500
What happens to RNA molecules after they are finished transcribing DNA?
they leave the nucleus, enter the cytoplasm, and attach themselves to a ribosome
500

What are the building blocks of protein?

amino acids 

500

What type of mutation occurs here (2 answers) : 


AUG GGG

AUG GGC

substitution & silent

M
e
n
u