DNA & RNA Structures
Replication
Transcription
Mutation
100
What makes up the "backbone" of a DNA molecule?
sugars (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
100
Where does replication occur in our cells?
nucleus
100
Where does transcription occur in our cells?
nucleus
100
What is a mutation?
a change in the sequence of DNA
200
What is the technical term for DNA's "twisted ladder" structure?
double helix
200
What are the rules for DNA base-pairing?
Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C)
200
Instead of using thymine, RNA always uses ___________ to pair with the adenines on DNA.
uracil
200
What are the three types of treatments for cancer?
What is radiation, drugs, and surgery?
300
What are the 4 bases on RNA?
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
300
How many DNA molecules are made through the process of replication?
two
300
Unlike DNA, RNA is a ___________-stranded molecule.
single
300
Name three types of mutagens.
X rays, UV rays, lead, mercury, drugs, chemicals, etc.
400
What determines how DNA is replicated?
What is nitrogen base pattern?
400
A section of DNA has the base sequence GGACTTCG. The corresponding section of the messenger RNA molecules will the base sequence ______________
CCUGAAGC
400
What are the three types of RNA (full names & abbreviations)?
messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), & ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
400
What is a mass of abnormal cells?
What is cancer tumor?
500
What occurs during DNA replication when one base pair is swtiched/substituted for another?
What is a mutation?
500
What would happen to a cell if the information in the DNA got lost or damaged?
What is not function properly or might die?
500
What happens to RNA molecules after they are finished transcribing DNA?
they leave the nucleus, enter the cytoplasm, and attach themselves to a ribosome
500
Describe what is occurring in a cancer patient's body?
The cells are growing and dividing uncontrollably. This damages parts of the body around the cells.
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