DNA
Chromosomes & DNA Replication
RNA & Protein Synthesis
Mutations
Potpourri
100
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
100
DNA and protein tightly packed together form a substance known as _______
chromatins
100
What are two of the three main types of RNA?
tRNA; rRNA ; mRNA
100
What are mutations?
changes in genetic material
100
The bases of the two strands of DNA are held together by _______
hydrogen bonds
200
DNA is a molecule made up of units known as ________
Nucleotides
200
Nitrogen base found only in DNA that pairs with adenine.
thymine
200
when constructing a protein, ____ transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA.
tRNA
200
what are two types of mutations?
point mutation; frameshift mutation
200
Synonym for protein; chain of amino acids.
polypeptide
300
Three bases of DNA that code for a single amino acid
triplet code
300
Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process
Replication
300
RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
messenger RNA
300
-True or False- Point mutations are mutations that shift the reading of the genetic message.
False
300
Ribosomes are made up of
proteins and rRNA
400
The backbone of a DNA chain is formed by which two groups?
sugar and phosphate nucleotides
400
Which British scientist was responsible for taking the first x-ray of a DNA strand?
Rosalind Franklin
400
This is where transcription occurs.
nucleus
400
A three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.
codon
400
Any substance that causes a mutation
mutagen
500
What did the first X-ray photo in the 1950's show about DNA?
the double helix shape
500
Pair each strand of DNA nucleotides to the other side. (A) (C) (G) (T) (C) (C) (T) (A) (G)
(T) (G) (C) (A) (G) (G) (A) (T) (C)
500
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins, this process is known as
translation
500
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.
gene
500
A group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon
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