DNA Sequencing
Human Genome
100
What does adenine (A) pair with?
Thymine (T)
100
A landmark global effort to map the first sequence of the human genome
What is the Human Genome Project?
200
The second generation of DNA sequencing is also known as...
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
200
What method of DNA sequencing did the Human Genome Project use?
The Sanger sequencing method
300
What is DNA Sequencing?
The process of determining the exact order of the four nitrogenous bases (adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G))
300
Benefits of the Human Genome Project
Allows doctors to personalize treatments for individual patients depending on their genetic profile, predict a patients's risk for disease, and avoid dangerous drug reactions.
400
A step of DNA sequencing where DNA is broken into smaller fragments. Only fragments that are of desired length are then used for sequencing.
What is DNA fragmentation?
400
What is the Sanger sequencing method?
Used to identify the order of nucleotide bases in DNA based on chain termination (the halting of a polymer chain) using instruments that detect each base as it’s incorporated, with fluorescent signals.
500
What is sequencing reaction?
When nucleotides are added one by one to the growing DNA strand (during DNA synthesis) so that instruments can detect each base as it’s incorporated.
500
What is a specific example of how the Human Genome Project is helpful?
Some examples:
- Breast cancer patients and BRCA1 mutation
- Alzheimer’s disease and gene variant APOE4
- Reaction to Clopidogrel and Codeine and CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 variants