What is DNA?
DNA stands for ___________________________
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA has how many nitrogenous bases?
Four
The type of bond that holds base pairs together is? (Hint: The weaker one)
Hydrogen bond
DNA has a specific shape called a _____________________, which can be described as a twisted ladder.
Double helix
Base-pairing rules state that A always pairs with ____.
Thymine
DNA is which of following organic molecules? A) A lipid B) A carbohydrate C) A protein D) A nucleic acid
a nucleic acid
What is the name for the base represented by an (A)?
Adenine
A strand of DNA is supported by its "backbones". Which two molecules make up the backbone of DNA?
Sugars and Phosphates
True/False: DNA exists normally in your cells as a single-strand of nucleotides, having one backbone connected to nitrogenous bases.
False (DNA is double-stranded)
Base-pairing rules state that G always pairs with _____.
Cytosine
A nucleic acid is made up of smaller units, or building blocks, called ____________________
nucleotides
What is the name for the base represented by a (G)?
Guanine
The type of bond that holds the two molecules together that make up the backbone is? (Hint: Stronger one)
Covalent bond
Thinking back to the twisted ladder analogy, what do the sides of the ladder represent?
Backbones of DNA (made up of sugars and phosphates)
If one side of a strand of DNA reads ATCGA, use the base-pair rules to come up with the sequence on the other, complementary strand of the same DNA. (Complementary means matching)
TAGCT
Because... A=T T=A C=G G=C A=T
DNA nucleotides are made up of three components:
1. A sugar 2. A phosphate 3. A nitrogen base
What is the name for the base represented by a (C)?
Cytosine
Pyrimidines are used to describe nitrogen bases that contain how many rings? (Hint: Think pie for pyrimidine)
One ring
What is the name of the scientist who extracted DNA from certain cells, took x-ray photographs of it, and saw an x-shaped picture?
Rosalind Franklin
One strand of DNA reads GGACTTC, what is the sequence on the other, complementary strand?
CCTGAAG
The sugar in DNA is made up of 5 carbons, what is the specific name for this 5-carbon sugar in DNA? (Hint: the D in DNA)
Deoxyribose
What is the name for the base represented by a (T)?
Thymine
Purines is the name used to describe nitrogen bases that have how many rings?
Two Rings
What were the names of the two scientists who first modeled the structure of a DNA molecule as a twisted, double-helix shape.
Watson & Crick
The name of the scientist who discovered that A pairs to T in a 1:1 ratio, and that G pairs to C in a 1:1 ratio? (Fact used to support the base-pair rules)
Erwin Chargaff