DNA Structure
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What base pairs up with adenine (A)?
Thymine/T
DNA replication produces new strands that are _____________________ the old strand. A. identical to B. similar to C. different from
A. identical to
What are protein molecules that increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
enzymes
What three scientists won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for proposing the double helix structure of DNA?
Maurice Wilkin, James Watson, Francis Crick
DNA is made up of subunits called _________________
nucleotides
What base does guanine (G) pair up with?
Cytosine (C)
What kind of DNA replication actually occurs? A. Conservative B. Semi-conservative C. Dispersive
Semi-conservative replication
What is the enzyme that unzips a DNA molecule?
helicase
What makes up the backbone of DNA?
Sugars and phosphates
DNA looks like a twisted ladder. Its shape is called ______________________.
double helix
What is a base pair?
two bases that are connected
Which of the following is the FIRST step in DNA replication? A. Helicase unzips the double helix B. DNA polymerase proofreads the strand C. DNA polymerase unzips the double helix D. Helicase proofreads the strand
A. Helicase unzips the double helix
What is the enzyme that adds free nucleotides to a new strand of DNA?
DNA polymerase
What type of bond holds together the sugar and phosphate group?
covalent bond
Each nucleotide has three parts. Name them.
Base, sugar, phosphate
What type of bond holds a base pair together?
hydrogen bond
What is a mistake in DNA called?
A mutation
What enzyme is responsible for connecting the two strands of DNA back together?
ligase
Name an object (other than DNA) that also forms a double helix.
Examples of answers: spiral staircase, curly hair, a slide, spiral pasta
What is the name of the sugar in DNA?
deoxyribose
In RNA, which base pairs with (A) Adenine?
Uracil (U)
Why is it important that DNA goes through replication?
to make new cells
How does DNA replication rely on proteins?
(open ended question)
What is the primary function of DNA?
guards information that tells the cells what proteins to make