Misc.
Structure
Structure
Replication
Replication
100
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
What are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA?
Spell them out
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
100
What shape is DNA?
Double Helix
100
Which strand is built in fragments during replication?
Lagging strand
100
Enzyme that unzips the DNA molecule.
What bonds does it break in the DNA?
Helicase
Hydrogen bonds
200
What sugar is in DNA?
Deoxyribose
200
What does A pair with?
Thymine (T)
200
What does C pair with?
Guanine (G)
200
Location where helicase breaks hydrogen bonds.
Replication Fork
200
Which strand is built continuously?
Leading strand
300
What does semi-conservative replication mean?
Each new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand
300
What types of bonds hold the nitrogen base pairs together.
How many for A-T
How many go G-C
Hydrogen
A-T = 2
G-C = 3
300
If a strand has 30% A, how much T is there?
What % will G and C be as well?
A and T = 30%
G and C = 20%
300
What strand is made in the same directions as helicase
What stands is make in the opposite direction as helicase
Leading strand
Lagging strand
300
What must initiate DNA replication?
RNA Primer
400
What individuals are most well known for discovering the shape of DNA
Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick,
400
What rule explains base pairing?
What does it say?
Chargaff's rules
The amount of adenine (A) in the DNA of an organism = the amount of thymine (T)
Similarly, whatever the amount of guanine (G), the amount of cytosine (C) is the same
400
What makes up the backbone of DNA?
What bonds hold the nucleotides together?
Sugar / Phosphate back bone
Covalent bonds hold it together
400
Enzyme that binds free floating nucleotides to the growing DNA chain.
DNA Polymerase
400
enzyme that joins DNA fragments on the lagging strand
DNA Ligase
500
Put these in order: Primase, Helicase, Ligase, DNA Polymerase
Helicase → Primase → DNA Polymerase → Ligase
500
Draw and label the 3 parts of a nucleotide
What 2 parts of a nucleotide remain the same
What part can change?
The sugar and phosphate remain the name
The nitrogen base can change and be a A, T, C, or G
500
What does the term antiparallel mean
Which ends of the DNA go together?
The two stands that make up a DNA molecule run in opposite directions
One strand runs from 5' to 3', while the other runs from 3' to 5'
5' end of one strand aligns with the 3' end of the other.
500
In what direction is DNA built?
5' to 3' direction
500
What is the name of the sections of DNA being made only on the lagging stand
Okazaki fragments