Structure
What is the building block of DNA?
Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides)
What is the function of DNA?
Stores the genetic information that determines all traits and directs cell activities.
What enzyme makes new copies of DNA?
DNA polymerase
Who discovered the Double Helix Structure of DNA
Watson and Crick
What gas do plants absorb during photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
Deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group
DNA contains the instructions for building these molecules that perform most functions in your body.
Proteins
Where does DNA replication begin?
Origin of Replication
What did Hershey and Chase Discover?
That DNA is the genetic material, not protein
What is the longest bone in the human body?
The femur
What holds two nitrogen bases together?
Hydrogen Bond
What is a functional Unit of DNA called?
A gene
List the three steps of DNA replication
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
What organisms did Hershey and Chase use in their experiment?
Bacteria and bacteriophages
What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?
The mitochondria
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
Double Helix
The sequence of these building blocks — adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine — is what actually stores genetic information.
Nitrogen bases
What is the mode of DNA replication?
Semiconservative Model
What is Chargaff's Rule?
The %A=%T and the %G=%C
What is the common name for sodium bicarbonate?
Baking Soda
This word means “running in reverse orientation,” and it describes how the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA face opposite directions.
Anti-parallel
Describe how DNA is compacted for efficient storage
DNA is wrapped around histones
Further compacted into Chromatin
Chromatin compacted into Chromosomes (only during cell division)
What is the name of the process where DNA polymerase checks for mistakes?
Proofreading
Why did scientists believe protein contained the genetic information?
Proteins are more complex - 20 amino acids
Proteins carry out all the cells functions, logical to conclude
What force keeps planets in motion?
Gravity