DNA Structure
DNA stands for what?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
When does DNA Replication occur?
During S Phase of the cell cycle
Who is credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA?
Watson & Crick
The nucleus
Protein Synthesis (the making of proteins) occurs at this organelle.
What are the subunits making up DNA
Nucleotides
What is the first step in DNA replication?
DNA Helicase unwinds the DNA molecule
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
Honors: This is the strand of DNA that is replicated continuously
Honors: Leading strand
An Enzyme (Sucrase) breaks down Sucrose into glucose and fructose. Identify the substrate in this reaction.
sucrose
Name the 3 parts of the nucleotide
What is Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous bases
What is the second step of DNA Replication?
DNA polymerase builds the complimentary strand using the original strand as a template.
What is the complementary DNA strand of CGTATG?
GCATAC
What is the name of the enzyme used to build DNA molecules
DNA polymerase
The movement of LARGE POLAR molecules across the membrane would require this type of transport.
Active Transport
What type of bonds join base pairs on DNA?
Hydrogen Bonds
What is the end result of DNA Replication?
Two identical sets of DNA for each daughter cell.
Honors: Why are the two strands of DNA considered “antiparallel”?
Honors: Because they run in opposite directions (5'-3' and 3'-5')
What is the name of the enzyme that cuts/unzips the DNA?
Helicase
Where are the three checkpoints in the cell cycle?
G1, G2, and M
Based on Chargaff's Rule, if a DNA sequence contains 30% of Cytosine, how much of the sequence would be Thymine?
20%
Why is replication called semi-conservative?
Because each DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.
What two parts of the nucleotide make up the backbone of the DNA structure?
the sugar (deoxyribose) and the phosphate group
Honors: The short segments of the lagging strand are called what?
Honors: Okazaki fragments
What is the main indicator between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
If the cell has membrane-bound organelles or not.