Enzymes
Structures
Order of Processes
Random Pt 1
Random Pt 2
100
This is the enzyme that "unzips the genes"
What is helicase?
100
This is the word for the shape of DNA
What is a double-helix?
100
Step 1
What is helicase unzips the genes, forms a replication fork
100
DNA replication occurs during this phase of the cell cycle:
S Phase
100
The name of the area where DNA begins to replicate/copy/divide
What is the replication fork?
200
This is the enzyme that adds new nucleotide bases to the parent or template strand to form a new DNA strand
What is DNA Polymerase
200
The four nucleotide bases
What are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine?
200
Step 2
RNA primase adds a primer to lagging strand
200
DNA replication occurs in the _____________ in Eukaryotes and ________________ in prokaryotes.
Nucleus and cytoplasm/nucleoid region
200
The complimentary strand to a template DNA strand that reads "CAT TAC"
What is "GTA ATG"?
300
This is the enzyme that links all the bases together on the backbone of the DNA (acts like glue)
What is DNA Ligase?
300
What three parts make up a DNA molecule?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
300
Step 3
DNA polymerase adds complimentary bases from 5' to 3' end on leading strand
300
Genes hold the information to make __________________ for the cell
Proteins
300
Chargaff's rule says....
Amount of A = Amount of T
Amount of C = Amount of G
400
Does Helicase locate the "replication fork" or the "origin of replication" to begin separating the DNA?
Origin of replication
400
These are the fragments formed on the lagging strand by DNA Polymerase III.
What are Okazaki fragments?
400
Step 4 (if needed)
Nuclease cuts out fragments of DNA that were paired incorrectly
400
What type of chemical bonds hold the two strands of DNA to each other?
Hydrogen bonds
400
What is the monomer for DNA/RNA?
Nucleotides
500
This enzyme allows DNA polymerase to begin adding new bases to a template strand
What is RNA primase?
500
Name three differences between RNA and DNA
Deoxyribose vs Ribose
Single strand vs double
U instead of T
RNA can leave the nucleus, DNA cannot
500
Step 5
DNA ligase links Okazaki fragments. You end up with 2 strands "daughter" of DNA from 1 "parent" strand
500
After DNA replication, a DNA molecule is made up of one "old" side of DNA and one "new" side. What type of replication is this called?
Semi-conservative DNA replication
500
In an amino acid, there are 4 parts. Which of the four parts is missing: Carboxyl group, R-group, Central alpha carbon,...
Amino group