DNA Replication
What DNA nucleotides are complementary to each other?
A with T
C with G
Where in the cell does transcription occur?
nucleus
Where in the cell does translation occur?
cytoplasm
DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotide subunits.
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
What were Watson & Crick credited with discovering?
Double helix structure of DNA
What is the complementary DNA sequence for the following?
A T C G T A
A T C G T A
T A G C A T
What is the mRNA sequence that is transcribed from the following DNA sequence?
T A C G T A
T A C G T A
A U G C A U
What organelle does translation use to make proteins?
ribosomes
What is the sugar in DNA?
deoxyribose
Transcribe the following DNA sequence:
T A C T T T A C T
T A C T T T A C T
A U G A A A U G A
Why is DNA replication called semiconservative replication?
New DNA double helices each have one original strand and one new strand of DNA
What are the 3 nucleotide sections in mRNA called?
codons
What is the molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome and mRNA to build the protein?
tRNA
Which type of RNA is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm?
mRNA
Translate the following mRNA sequence:
A U G G C G U U A
A U G G C G U U A
Met Ala Leu
What enzyme opens up the double helix during replication?
Helicase
Why must DNA be rewritten as mRNA to go to the ribosomes for translation?
Because DNA cannot leave the nucleus
What is the amino acid sequence made from this mRNA?
A U G G U A
A U G G U A
Met Val
Which type of RNA is found in the cytoplasm only?
tRNA
What did Chargaff’s rule say about the base-pairing rules (which letters match with each other in DNA)?
A with T
G with C
What does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?
Adds the new DNA bases during DNA replication
What enzyme unwinds the DNA and makes the RNA strand?
RNA Polymerase
How many amino acids are there that are used to build proteins?
20
What is the full name of RNA?
Ribonucleic Acid
Who was the scientist who did X-ray crystallography to help discover the structure of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin