PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
What are restriction enzymes?
enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences
What are transgenic organisms?
organisms that have recombinant DNA
Is germline editing in humans considered an ethical practice?
No
What is gene therapy?
treating or curing a disease by modifying the genome
What does PCR do?
PCR allows researchers to quickly produce many
copies of a sequence.
Where is the cut site?
GATATC
CTATAG
GAT ATC
CTA TAG
Are all genetically modified organisms transgenic?
No
How does the CAS protein know where to cut?
guide RNA
What other DNA technology is being investigated for use in gene therapy?
CRISPR
What are some things that affect the environmental conditions for PCR?
pH, temp, ions
What do some enzymes create that is important for adding in new sequences?
Sticky ends
What is recombinant DNA?
genetic material that has been spliced from multiple sources (usually, different species).
What is CRISPR modeled after?
based on a method bacteria use to stave off viral infections
How does gene therapy work?
places a healthy allele (version) of a gene into cells that are expressing a faulty protein
What type of polymerase is often used in PCR?
TAQ polymerase
Where do restriction enzymes cut at? (Hint: _____ sequences)
palindromic sequences
Name a use for transgenic organisms.
Crops/livestock, production of proteins, Research, especially on genes, and De-extinction
What type of end joining is used when no template DNA is available?
Nonhomologous End Joining (NHEJ)
How is Gene therapy different from transgenic organisms?
Not DNA from other species; also exists in all cells of the transgenic organism
What end of DNA is the primer binding site on?
3 prime end
Name a restriction enzyme
EcoR1, HindIII etc.
What is a main function of transgenic bacteria?
Can make bacteria express a gene as if it were one of its own
What is the difference between germline and somatic editing?
Germline edits are those that will be passed on to the next generation (affect gametes)
Somatic edits are those that will not be passed down to the next generation (are in somatic/non-gamete cells)
Apart from genetic diseases, what other diseases could it be used to treat?
HIV/AIDS, Cancer