History
Who discovered the double helix nature of DNA? (2 names)
For 50 more points, who should have received a Nobel Prize along with these 2 people?
Watson and Crick
Rosalind Franklin
What does DNA mean
deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the 4 base pairs in DNA?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
What are the two general steps in Replication?
Double helix is unwound.
Nucleotides form base pairs with template strands and are linked together with phosphodiester bonds.
What are the 5 types of mutations?
Somatic, Germ-line, Silent, Point, Chromosomal
Who found out that traits were inherited?
What bonds hold DNA together?
Hydrogen Bonds
Which base pairs are purines and which base pairs are pyrimidines?
Purines: A, C
Pyrimidines: T, G
Which way is DNA "read" from during replication?
Which way is DNA "generated" from?
3' --> 5'
5' --> 3'
What are the 4 types of Chromosomal mutations?
Deletions, Duplications, Inversions, Translocation
Who found the phenomena of crossing over and linked genes?
Thomas Hunt-Morgan
What are all 4 functions of DNA's structure?
Storage of Genetic Information
Replication during cell division
Susceptibility to Mutation
Expression of the coded information
Which ways do the do each strand of the double helix run?
Antiparallel to each other.
(5'-3') or (3'-5')
You should also be able to explain each step.
2. Primer Binds to 3'
3. Elongation
4. Termination
What are 2 major repair mechanisms that DNA polymerase exhibits?
Proofreading
Mismatch repair
Who found that all living things have DNA?
Hershey and Chase
What is a primer made out of?
RNA
How do the bond locations of phosphate in the sugar phosphate backbone vary?
Phosphate groups are bonded to the 5' carbon of one sugar and the 3' carbon of the next.
What is the purpose of Single-strand binding proteins? Topoisomerase?
Single strand binding proteins stabilize the single DNA strand
Topoisomerase corrects overwinding
Give an example of the adverse effects of a gain-of function point mutation, and a loss-of function point mutation.
Varied answers
What was the widely known "heritable information" before DNA was found to be the actual heritable information?
Proteins
When is the first time humans altered DNA of another organism?
1973, when scientists used viruses to implant different DNA strands into mouse embryos.
What are the 4 basic structures that make up DNA
Phosphate group, sugar group, nitrogen bases, hydrogen bonds
Which organisms have a faster rate of elongation, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
What type(s) of mutations might the Hulk have gone through?
Chromosomal and point mutation