DNA History and Structure
DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis
Gene Regulation
Mutations
100
Griffith discovered the process of ___________.
Transformation
100
Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA?
Helicase
100
What are the two parts of protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation
100
Why is it important to be able to regulate protein synthesis?
It takes a lot of energy.
100
What are the 3 types of point mutations?
Addition Deletion Substitution
200
Who is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
200
What are the base pairing rules for replication?
A-T, C-G
200
Which enzyme is used in protein synthesis?
RNA Polymerase
200
What are introns?
Segments of DNA that do not code for anything.
200
What do addition and deletion mutations cause?
Frameshift
300
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base, phosphate, sugar
300
What is the job of DNA Polymerase?
Add in new nucleotides to unpaired DNA
300
Where does transcription occur and where does translation occur?
Transcription-nucleus Translation-ribosome
300
On the lac operon, what blocks DNA Polymerase from binding?
Repressor
300
What is a silent mutation?
A mutation that results in the coding of the same amino acid.
400
DNA is coiled around proteins called ________. Together they make _________ found in the nucleus.
Histones, chromatin
400
What is the name of the site where separation and replication occurs?
Replication fork
400
List the 3 types of RNA.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
400
In the lac operon, how does the repressor protein fall off?
Lactose binds to it.
400
What is the difference between mutations in body cells and mutations in gametes?
In gametes, the mutation can be passed on.
500
Which nitrogen bases are purines, which are pyrimidines?
Purines-adenine, guanine Pyrmidines-cytosine, thymine
500
Why does DNA replicate?
To make an exact copy of DNA for when the cell divides.
500
The _________ on tRNA recognizes specific mRNA codons and they join.
anticodon
500
What is an operator?
On/Off switch for a gene.
500
What is a missense mutation?
A mutation in the DNA code that changes that amino acid that was originally coded for.
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