DNA Structure
Discovery of DNA
DNA Extraction
Restriction Enzymes
Gel Electrophoresis
100
What are the purines?
adenine and guanine
100
Who is credited with the discovery of DNA?
Watson and Crick
100
What two membranes have to be broken in animal DNA extraction?
cell membrane, nuclear membrane
100
What is another name for restriction enzymes?
molecular scissors
100
What is the name of the gel?
agarose
200
What are the pyrimidines?
cytosine and thymine
200
Who determined that DNA is the same diameter all the way down the strand?
Rosalind Franklin
200
What 3 structures have to be broken to expose plant DNA?
cell wall, cell membrane, nuclear membrane
200
Can they cut every DNA sequence? Explain
No - only if their specific search sequence is present in the DNA
200
What is the role of the buffer?
Neutralize pH and carry the electric current
300
How many hydrogen bonds will be between A and T?
2
300
What is "Chargaff's rules?"
A - T C - G
300
What was the role of the 'smashing?'
break open cell walls
300
What was the restriction enzyme we used in the activity?
HaeIII
300
Smaller DNA fragments move a ________ distance in the gel, larger DNA fragments move a _______ distance in the gel.
further, shorter
400
How many carbon rings are in a pyrimidine?
1
400
If there are 15% Cytosine in a DNA molecule, what percent are guanine?
15%
400
What is the role of the salt solution and detergent solution?
break open the lipid cell membrane/nuclear membrane
400
If a restriction enzyme cuts the DNA 3 times, how many fragments will there be?
4
400
If a DNA fragment was 40 bp long, would it be further than or less than the standard fragment that was 50 bp long?
further
500
How many carbon rings wide is the double helix of DNA?
3
500
What did Watson and Crick use to help them discover the structure of DNA?
model - like we used!
500
What did DNA look like?
White, stringy, next to bubbles
500
Where is the origin of restriction enzymes?
bacteria use them as defense mechanisms
500
Which pole does DNA move towards? Why?
It is negative - so it moves to the positive side
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