deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring AND is used by an individual as the recipe for making proteins
What is DNA
100
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
What is a Nucleotide
100
Discovered the double helix steucture of DNA
Who were watson and crick
100
The principle enzyme involved in DNA replication
What is DNA Polymerase
100
ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
What is RNA
200
Nitrogen base that pairs with guanine
What is cytosine
200
Nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine
What is guanine
200
nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
What is Adenine
200
nitrogen base found ONLY in DNA that pairs with adenine
What is thymine
200
Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly packed together to form a substance called
What is chromatin
300
enzyme that proofreads the daughter strand of replicated DNA and corrects any base pairing errors
What is DNA polymerase 2
300
Adds new DNA nucleotides to a replicating DNA molecule
What is DNA polymerase 3
300
single-ring nitrogenous base, found in DNA and RNA; either cytosine, thymine, or uracil
What is pyrimidine
300
double-ring nitrogenous base, found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine
What is Purine
300
Each half of an original DNA molecule serves as a template for a new strand, and the two new DNA molecules each have one old and one new strand
What is semi conservative replication
400
The new DNA strand that grows continuously in the 5 to 3 direction is called the
What is Leading Strand
400
A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork
What is Lagging Strand
400
type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
What is mRNA
400
type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
What is tRNA
400
type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
What is rRNA
500
an enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands
What is Helicase
500
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing
What is a Replication Fork
500
Glues together fragments of DNA
What is Ligase
500
An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer
What is primase
500
short segments of DNA synthesized in the lagging strand during DNA replication