VOCAB
Purines are defined as having a...
Pyrimidines are defined as having a...
Purines - double ring structure
Pyrimidines - single ring structure
What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
DNA --> RNA --> protein
Where does DNA Replication begin?
Origin of Replication
Nucleotides can only be added to what end of a growing DNA or RNA strand?
3' end
How many possible codons are there:
How many are do not code for amino acids:
How many code for start & an amino acid:
64 possible
61 coding
3 non-coding - STOP
1 - Start
The nitrogenous bases that are purines are:
The nitrogenous bases that are pyrimidines are:
Purines: adenine & guanine
Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, uracil
What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose sugar?
Deoxyribose - no oxygen
Ribose - oxygen
Because lagging strands are not continually synthesized they form...
Okazaki Fragments
Monomer of proteins is __________
Polymer of proteins is __________
Monomer: amino acids
Polymer: polypeptide chain
Helicase:
unzips a DNA molecule
Codons are:
three RNA nucleotide bases
Anticodons are:
3 tRNA nucleotide bases
The three steps of transcription are?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
What sequences of pre-mRNA are removed? What coding, sequences are not removed?
Removed - introns
Not removed - exons
Ligase:
glues DNA fragments together
Where does translation start?
START codon - AUG
Where does translation end?
Stop codon
Ribosomes are:
the sites of translation
The small ribosomal subunit binds to
mRNA
Mismatch repair:
uses enzymes to remove & replace mismatched DNA.
What are the three stages of Elongation during Translation?
1. Codon recognition
2. Peptide Bond formation
3. Translocation
DNA stands for:
RNA stands for:
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
A peptide bond is:
a covalent bond between amino acids
How many amino acids are there:
20 amino acids
RNA Primase:
short strands of nucleotides used to tell DNA Polymerase where to bind & start DNA replication