DNA/RNA Structure
What are the 3 components that make up a molecule of DNA?
Deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur in?
S phase
Where does transcription occur in?
The nucleus
Where specifically does translation occur?
Ribosomes
How would you classify a frameshift mutation caused by adding a nucleotide to a sequence?
Insertion
What is the name of the structure that includes histone proteins with DNA coiled around each histone?
Nucleosome
What direction does DNA polymerase move in?
5' to 3'
True or False: RNA polymerase has proofreading abilities.
False.
What is the start codon on mRNA?
AUG
True or False: Frameshift mutations are less devastating than point mutations.
False.
What type of bonds connect the backbone of the DNA?
Covalent bonds
How is DNA synthesized on the lagging strand? (Use specific vocab)
Discontinuously in Okazaki fragments
P site
Codon redundancy
How many hydrogen bonds hold together cytosine and guanine?
3
What enzyme is responsible for providing the DNA with stability and preventing it from supercoiling?
Topoisomerase
What is the region of the DNA called where RNA polymerase binds?
The promoter
What is a charged tRNA?
A tRNA with an amino acid attached
What type of mutation causes sickle cell disease?
Frameshift mutation
What is the difference between the structure of a purine and pyrimidine?
Purines have two rings in their nitrogenous bases and pyrimidines have three rings in their nitrogenous bases.
What term describes the nature of DNA replication using a parent strand to synthesize a new DNA strand?
Semi-conservative replication
What are the 3 things that occur during mRNA processing?
Splicing, 5' cap, 3' tail
What is the name of the three nucleotide sequence called that is complementary to the codon?
Anticodon
How do you describe the impact of a mutation that results in the change of an amino acid? (Ex: sickle cell disease)
Missense mutation